Supervisory Control of Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanding - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Supervisory Control of Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanding Mode – Investigations Using a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform Marcello Schifani, Eberhard Waffenschmidt, Reza Iravani IESC 2017, Farmingdale, NY, 19.-20.Oct. 2017 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Future power grid 2 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Blackout Whole Europa is hit by a Blackout. Whole Europa? Nope! One smart village is able to fight the darkness… And there will be more! Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA Source: www.tagesschau.de

Studied case 4 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Criterias for the control structure  Recognition of faults to initialize the islanding process  Recognition of recovery to initialize the reconnection process  Short detection time.  Transients to be minimized.  Quickly each steady-state  In Islanded Mode, frequency and voltage is kept constant. 5 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Benchmark grid 69 kV Supervisory 100 MVA control X/R = 22.2 TL1 T1 13.8 kV 15 MVA PCC 2 MVAr F3 F4 C7 C6 C9 TDR2 TDR4 0.6 kV 0.6 kV T6 T8 C8 Local Local TDR3 DER 2 DER 4 0.6 kV control control T7 L5 L7 Local (0.75+j0.08) (0.87+j0.33) VSC VSC DER 3 MVA MVA 0.5 MVA control 3.0 MVA L6 (0.73+j0.03) VSC, 3.0 MVA MVA Adopted from: IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (Brown Book), 1997. 6 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Superisory control  Islanding ● Detection ● Command for circuit breaker ● Command to local control  Reconnection ● Detection ● Synchronisation  Coordination of local controllers ● Selection of master device 7 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Local control  Grid connected mode: ● Real and reactive power (PQ) to grid is controlled ● by current mode control  Islanding mode (only „master“ device): ● Voltage and frequency (VF) is controlled ● By voltage mode control 8 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Simulation setup 9 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Simulation types  Offline simulation ● Full setup ● More time consuming  Real-time simulation ● Reduced setup: One DER4 and one load L7 ● More realistic: Can be linked to hardware 10 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Schematic of the current controlled VSC Current Voltage Measurement Measurement Filter Filter Controler 11 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Islanding detection and grid reconnection control Voltage range detection Re-connection detection Zero current crossing detection 12 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Simulation results 13 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Simulation scenarios 69 kV Scenario 1: Scenario 3: 100 MVA Scenario 2: Intentional 1 phase short X/R = 22.2 3 phase short islanding to ground TL1 to ground T1 13.8 kV 15 MVA PCC 2 MVAr F3 F4 C7 C6 C9 TDR2 TDR4 0.6 kV 0.6 kV T6 T8 C8 TDR3 DER 2 DER 4 0.6 kV T7 L5 L7 (0.75+j0.08) (0.87+j0.33) VSC VSC DER 3 MVA MVA 0.5 MVA 3.0 MVA L6 (0.73+j0.03) VSC, 3.0 MVA MVA Adopted from: IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (Brown Book), 1997. 14 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Scenario1: Intentional Islanding Offline Simulation Real-Time Simulation 15 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Scenario 1: Intentional islanding Real-Time Simulation Islanding Re-connection Initialisation Grid Voltages P in Real Power P set Q in Reactive Power Q set 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 Time / s 16 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Scenario 2: 3-phase short to ground Offline Simulation Short circuit Islanding Re-connection Grid Voltages P set Real Power negative! P in Real Power Q in Reactive Power Q set 0.50 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 Time / s 17 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Scenario 3: 1-phase short to ground Real-Time Simulation Islanding Re-connection Short circuit Grid Voltages Real Power P in P set Q in Reactive Power Q set 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.60 Time / s 18 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Summary Control for islanding and re-connect of microgrid:  Converter control  Supervisory control ● Detection for islanding ● Re-connection ● Power control To do 19 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA

Contacts Marcello Schifani, MSc Alumni Student Cologne University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Germany, marcello.schifani@mail.utoronto.ca Prof. Dr. Eberhard Waffenschmidt CIRE - Cologne Institute for Renewable Energy Cologne University of Applied Sciences Betzdorferstraße 2, 50679 Köln, eberhard.waffenschmidt@th-koeln.de https://www.th-koeln.de/personen/eberhard.waffenschmidt/ Prof. Reza Iravani Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4 iravani@ecf.utoronto.ca http://www.ele.utoronto.ca/prof/iravani/iravanimain.html 20 Schifani, Waffenschmidt, Iravani, IESC 2017, Farmingdale, USA