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Some of the ILO ‘s Fundamental Convention - There are more than 83 important convention & more than 85 recommendation come out from ILO : These cover subjects considered to be fundamental principles and rights at work: • The important OHS Convention: Freedom of Association and Protection of the right to organize convention, 1948, Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 • (No. 155) Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining convention, 1949. Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. • 161) Forced Labour Convention, 1957, • Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Minimum Age Convention, 1973, Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) • Worst form of Chield labour convention, 1999, Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation, • 2006 (No. 197) Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951, • Discrimination( Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958. 5
The convention applied in the various OHS legislation in India: FACTORY ACT 1948(SEC, 8 & 9), THE BUILDING AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKERS(REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND MINES ACT 1952, (SEC, 8 & 9), CONDITION OF SERVICE) ACT, 1996. 42. Appointment of Director General, Chief Inspector and PLANTATION ACT 1951, (SEC, 8 & 9) inspectors, 8. Inspectors 43. Power of Inspectors. 9. Power of Inspectors DOCK WORKER (SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE) BEEDI ACT (SEC, 6 & 7) RULE, 1990. 3. Inspection and Procedure, MIGRANTS WORKER 19799SEC, 20) 4. Notice to Employer, 20. Inspectors 5.Compliance of previous Inspection report, MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT, 1961(14 & 15) EQUAL REMUNERATION ACT, 1976 14. Appointment of Inspectors 9. Inspectors 15. Power and Duties of Inspectors, THE CHILD LABOUR(PROHIBITION AND EMPLOYEE’S STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948. REGULATION) ACT, 1986 45. Inspectors, their functions and duties. 9. Notice to Inspector 6
The National Policy on Safety, Health And Environment at Work Place drawn up by the Ministry of ✳ Labour and Employment in 2009. There are sixteen laws (and a dozen or more boards, directorates, inspectorates and other bodies) that ✳ deal broadly with the subject of working conditions and occupational health and safety (OHS) in India. National Safety Council (NSC) of India is an autonomous body, which was set up by the Government of ✳ India, Ministry of Labour and Employment on 4 March 1966 to generate, develop and sustain a voluntary movement on Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) at the national level. NSC also providing guidance and services to make workplaces safer, healthier and environment friendly. ✳ Conducting specialized training Courses, Conferences, Seminars & Workshops all over the Nation to promote the OHS standard & practices. A Planning Commission report on Occupational Health and Safety for the 12th Five Year Plan (2012- ✳ 2017) remarked that, “Occupational Health and Safety cover for the unorganized sector can well be said as non- existent” . 7
There are three major occupational health and safety management systems that are in use globally: 8
✳ It was set up in 1947 and is located in Geneva, Switzerland. Its purpose is to facilitate and support national and international trade and commerce by developing standards that people everywhere would recognize and respect. ✳ Since 1947, ISO's technical experts have developed over 18,600 standards in every conceivable business and technical sector including energy, manufacturing, engineering, agriculture, construction, computing, metrology, healthcare, transportation, distribution, and communications. ✳ ISO standards help to ensure that products, services, systems, and technologies work properly and are safe and effective & help the organizations actually apply these standards, ✳ These guides help organizations to verify that supplies, materials, products, processes, services, systems, tools, equipment, and personnel actually comply with ISO's standards. ✳ We can say, ISO helps make things safer, simpler, and better, It helps all of us to be more productive and prosperous. 9
The ISO 9000 Quality management PDCA Cycle of ISO(9001 &14001) Management systems standards is designed to help System organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product and services. The ISO 14000 standards provide a guideline or framework for organizations that need to systematize and improve their environmental management system. 10
OHSAS 18001: This is the "Occupational Health and PDCA cycle for OHSAS implementation Safety Management Systems Specification". It was developed for a recognized standard against which occupational safety management systems can be assessed. OHSAS 18001 is under development stage as ISO 45001 with modified requirement of Safety Management system, it is under draft stage. It is compatible with ISO 9001(QMS) and ISO14001(EMS). OHSAS 18001 is an internationally recognized accredited standard for Occupational health and safety management. 11
PDCA cycle for OHSAS implementation Plan- To establish the OHS objectives and process necessary to deliver result in accordance with organization Policy. Do- To implement the OHS process. Check- To monitor and measure performance against OHS policy, Objectives, Legal and other requirement and report. Act- To talk action to continually improve OHS performance. 12
According to W. H. Heinrich, who developed the so- called Domino Theory, 88% of all accidents are caused by unsafe acts of people, 10% by unsafe actions and 2% by "acts of God. “ He proposed a "five-factor accident sequence" The sequence of accident factors is as follows: Ancestry and social environment Worker fault Unsafe act together with mechanical and physical hazard Accident Damage of property or injury. Heinrich suggested that removal of one of the factors would prevent the accident and resultant injury. This theory represents for the evolution of accident causation. 13
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