Suitability Properties
Important Properties Gradation Relative density and absorption Hardness (resistance to wear) Durability (resistance to weathering) Shape and surface texture Deleterious substances Crushing strength Soft and lightweight particles Chemical stability CIVL 3137 2
Hardness CIVL 3137 3
Hardness (Resistance to Wear) LA Abrasion Test Source: http://pavementinteractive.org CIVL 3137 4
Hardness (Resistance to Wear) 100% <100% retained retained on on No. 12 No. 12 sieve sieve Source: http://pavementinteractive.org CIVL 3137 5
Hardness (Resistance to Wear) M M original final % loss 100% M original (Elapsed Time = 15 minutes = 1000 revolutions) CIVL 3137 6
Example A 5015-g sample of coarse aggregate is tumbled in a Los Angeles Abrasion device for 1000 revolutions (15 minutes). When the resulting aggregate is passed through a No. 12 sieve, 3891 g of material is retained. Find the % loss CIVL 3137 7
Important Properties Gradation Relative density and absorption Hardness (resistance to wear) Durability (resistance to weathering) Shape and surface texture Deleterious substances Crushing strength Soft and lightweight particles Chemical stability CIVL 3137 9
Durability (Resistance to Weathering) Resistance to Wetting/Drying Resistance to Freezing/Thawing Resistance to Heating/Cooling CIVL 3137 10
Soundness Test CIVL 3137 11
Soundness Test (Resistance to Weathering) MgSO 4 Na 2 SO 4 Source: http://pavementinteractive.org CIVL 3137 12
Soundness Test (Resistance to Weathering) Coarse aggregate sample Same sample after 5 cycles before testing of soaking and drying CIVL 3137 13 Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Soundness Test (Resistance to Weathering) Source: http://pavementinteractive.org CIVL 3137 14
Soundness Test (Resistance to Weathering) M M original final % loss 100% M original (Elapsed Time = 5 cycles) CIVL 3137 15
Example A 2175-g sample of 1" aggregate is subjected to 5 cycles of wetting (16-18 hr) and drying. When the resulting aggregate is passed through a 5/8" sieve, 1847 g of material is retained. Find the % loss CIVL 3137 16
Important Properties Gradation Relative density and absorption Hardness (resistance to wear) Durability (resistance to weathering) Shape and surface texture Deleterious substances Crushing strength Soft and lightweight particles Chemical stability CIVL 3137 18
Particle Shape (Flat and Elongated Particles) CIVL 3137 19 Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Flat and Elongated Particles CIVL 3137 20
Flat and Elongated Particles CIVL 3137 21
Proportional Caliper Device CIVL 3137 22
Proportional Caliper Device CIVL 3137 24 Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Particle Shape (Coarse Aggregate Angularity) Fractured Face Fractured Faces Fractured Faces CIVL 3137 25 Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Coarse Aggregate Angularity CIVL 3137 26
Fine Aggregate Angularity CIVL 3137 27
Particle Shape (Fine Aggregate Angularity) m V sand sand RD sand w V V V voids cyl sand V % Voids voids 100% V cyl Source: http://pavementinteractive.org CIVL 3137 28
Important Properties Gradation Relative density and absorption Hardness (resistance to wear) Durability (resistance to weathering) Shape and surface texture Deleterious substances Crushing strength Soft and lightweight particles Chemical stability CIVL 3137 29
Clay Content CIVL 3137 30
Clay Content (Sand Equivalent Test) Source: http://pavementinteractive.org Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Clay Content (Sand Equivalent Test) H SE 100% sand H clay H clay H sand Source: http://pavementinteractive.org
Important Properties Gradation Relative density and absorption Hardness (resistance to wear) Durability (resistance to weathering) Shape and surface texture Deleterious substances Crushing strength Soft and lightweight particles Chemical stability CIVL 3137 33
Aggregate Specifications
Specifications CIVL 3137 35 Source: Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (TDOT, 2006)
Specifications TDOT Specs for Concrete Fine Aggregate Material Passing No. 200 Sieve < 3% Clay Lumps < 0.5% Coal and Lignite < 0.5% L.A. Abrasion Loss < 40% Sodium Soundness Loss < 10% CIVL 3137 36
Specifications TDOT Specs for Concrete Fine Aggregate Percent Passing Sieve Size by Weight 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95 - 100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50 - 90 (300 m m) No. 50 5 - 30 No. 100 (150 m m) 0 - 10 No. 200 (75 m m) 0 - 3 CIVL 3137 37
Specifications 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 80 Percent Passing . 60 Fine Aggregate 40 for Concrete 20 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 38
Specifications TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate Material Passing No. 200 Sieve < 1% Flat and Elongated Particles (5:1) < 10% Clay Lumps < 0.25% Coal and Lignite < 1% L.A. Abrasion Loss < 40% Sodium Soundness Loss < 9% CIVL 3137 39
Specifications TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate Application Size No. Concrete Pavement 467 Concrete Base Course 467 Cement Treated Base Course 57 Structural Concrete 57 Prestressed Concrete 57 or 67 Precast Concrete 57 or 67 CIVL 3137 40
Specifications 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 1“ nominal maximum 80 Percent Passing . 60 40 No. 57 20 #4 nominal minimum 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 42
Specifications 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 80 Percent Passing . 60 40 No. 57 20 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 43
Standard Sizes of Processed Aggregate (ASTM D448) GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 3" 1½" ¾" ⅜" 4 8 16 100 90 80 70 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PERCENT PASSING 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 10 1 GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIME TE RS CIVL 3137 44
Standard Sizes of Processed Aggregate (ASTM D448) GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 3" 1½" ¾" ⅜" 4 8 16 100 90 80 70 5 6 7 PERCENT PASSING 60 50 40 30 20 56 67 10 0 100 10 1 GR AIN SIZE IN MILLIME TE RS CIVL 3137 45
Standard Sizes of Processed Aggregate (ASTM D448) GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 3" 1½" ¾" ⅜" 4 8 16 100 90 80 70 5 7 PERCENT PASSING 60 50 40 57 30 20 10 0 100 10 1 GR AIN SIZE IN MILLIME TE RS CIVL 3137 46
Standard Sizes of Processed Aggregate (ASTM D448) GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 3" 1½" ¾" ⅜" 4 8 16 100 90 80 70 3 PERCENT PASSING 60 50 357 40 57 30 20 10 0 100 10 1 GR AIN SIZE IN MILLIME TE RS CIVL 3137 47
Standard Sizes of Processed Aggregate (ASTM D448) GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 3" 1½" ¾" ⅜" 4 8 16 100 90 80 70 4 PERCENT PASSING 60 50 40 467 30 67 20 10 0 100 10 1 GR AIN SIZE IN MILLIME TE RS CIVL 3137 48
Example 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 Percent Passing 80 60 What is the most likely standard size number of 40 this aggregate? 20 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 49
Example 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 95% passing ¾" sieve Percent Passing 80 60 What is the most likely standard size number of 40 this aggregate? 20 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 50
Example 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 Percent Passing 80 60 What is the most likely standard size number of 40 this aggregate? 20 10% passing No. 4 sieve 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 52
Example 1½" ¾" 3 / 8 " 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 100 Percent Passing 80 60 What is the most likely standard size number of 40 this aggregate? 26% passing 3/8" sieve 20 0 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 54
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