Subject 4MOST: ESOs wide-field, high-multiplex Presenter - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

4MOST – 4m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope Subject 4MOST: ESO’s wide-field, high-multiplex Presenter (Institute) optical spectroscopic survey facility Matthias Steinmetz (AIP) www.4MOST.eu date www.4MOST.eu 12 April 2019

Science Themes High-energy sky Galactic Archeology eROSITA Gaia and PLATO Galaxy evolution Cosmology VST/VISTA Euclid/LSST/SKA 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 2

Ten Consortium Surveys No Survey Name Survey (Co-)PI S1 Milky Way Halo LR Survey Irwin (IoA) , Helmi (RuG) S2 Milky Way Halo HR Survey Christlieb (ZAH) S3 Milky Way Disk and Bulge LR Survey Chiappini, Minchev, Starkenburg (AIP) S4 Milky Way Disk and Bulge HR Survey Bensby (LU), Bergemann (MPIA) S5 Galaxy Clusters Survey Finoguenov (MPE) S6 AGN Survey Merloni (MPE) S7 Galaxy Evolution Survey (WAVES) Driver (USW), Liske (HHU) S8 Cosmology Redshift Survey Richard (CRAL), Kneib (EPFL) S9 Magellanic Clouds Survey Cioni (AIP) S10 Time-Domain Extragalactic Survey (TiDES) Sullivan (Southampton) 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 3

Instrument Specification Specification Design value ~4.2 degree 2 ( ⌀ >2.6 ° ) Field-of-View (hexagon) Multiplex fiber positioner 2436 Medium Resolution Spectrographs (2x) R~4000–7500 # Fibres 812 fibres (2x) Passband 370-950 nm Velocity accuracy < 1 km/s High Resolution Spectrograph (1x) R~20,000 # Fibres 812 fibres Passband 392.6–435.5 nm, 516–573 nm, 610–679 nm Velocity accuracy < 1 km/s # of fibers in ⌀ =2’ circle >3 ⌀ =1.45 arcsec Fibre diameter >2h x 18,000 deg 2 Area (first 5 year survey) Number of science spectra (5 year) ~75 million of 20 min 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 4

VISTA at Parannal Observatory, Chile 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 5

Wide Field Corrector and Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator (WFC/ADC) ADC 4 Lenses Groups with 2 counter-rotating prisms Field Ø = 2.6 degree 535 mm Focal Diameter Largest lens ~950mm ADC functions to ZD=55° Wide Field Corrector Design AIP Lenses ready for coating Assembly and alignment UCL 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 6

AESOP Fiber Positioner 2436 Fiber Probes N fib LR fibers HR fibres % % -patrol diameter 2.4x pitch 1 – 39.8 -minimum separation ~20” 2 7.2 46.1 3 50.9 14.1 -reconfiguration time <2 4 33.0 – 5 3.6 – min during CCD readout 6 5.3 – 24 Fiducials 12 Guide Probes 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 7

Low Resolution Spectrograph (LRS) 2 meters 3 arms spectrograph 3 CCDs 6k x 6k 200 mm beam size 812 science fibers per spectrograph 2 mirrored spectrographs Thermally stabilized Design and build at CRAL in Lyon. 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 8

High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS) 23000 3 arms 22000 spectrograph 3 CCDs 6k x 6k 21000 250 mm beam size 20000 Spectral Resolu.on 812 science fibers 19000 1 spectrograph 18000 Blue 17000 Green 16000 Red Design and build at Specifica<on 15000 ZAH/LSW in Heidelberg. 14000 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 Wavelength in µm 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 9

4MOST Detectors 9 identical detectors • (plus spares and engineering devices) E2V 6kx6k – Deep Depletion – Broad Band Coating • Detector head based on ESPRESSO design • Cooling and controls identical to MUSE design • All to ESO standards • Design and build at ESO in Garching. 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 10

HR S/N>140 per Å, T exp =20m, sky=vBright, N exp =2 HR S/N>140 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=vBright, N exp =12 LR S/N>30 per Å, T exp =20m, sky=vBright, N exp =2 LR S/N>30 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=vBright, N exp =12 LR S/N>10 per Å, T exp =20m, sky=Bright, N exp =1 LR S/N>10 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=Bright, N exp =6 14 LR S/N>10 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=Dark, N exp =4 LR S/N>3 per Å, T exp =20m, sky=Dark, N exp =1 LR S/N>3 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=Dark, N exp =4, N bin =2x2 LR S/N>1 per Å, T exp =2h, sky=Dark, N exp =4, N bin =2x2 16 abundances Limiting m AB [mag] stellar parameters 18 radial velocities 20 redshifts 22 AM=1.2, IQ=1.0", tilt=0 vBright=18.8 mag arcsec -2 Bright=19.8 mag arcsec -2 Dark=21.8 mag arcsec -2 24 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength [nm] 4MOST Facility Simulator - ETC 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 11

4MOST Operations Unique operations model for MOS instruments suitable for most science cases • 4MOST program defined by Public Surveys of 5 years • Surveys will be defined by Co rtium and Co Consort Community • All Surveys will run in parallel • Surveys share fibres per exposure for increased efficiency – rveys will define observing strategy • Co Consort rtium Key Surv Millions of targets all sky +30 ° J2000 Coordinates, Hammer-Aito ff Projectio – Fill all fibres – +0 ° 24 H 18 H 12 H 6 H Ad Add-on on S Surveys for smaller surveys • -30 ° Small fraction fibers all sky or – GC dedicated small areas – Tiles Per Field Dark Bright 0 0 -60 ° 1 2 N 10 3 to 10 6 targets 2 3 3 5 – 4 6 SEP E 5 8 LMC 6 9 7 11 8 12 4MOST Facility Simulator - OpSim SMC -90 ° Several passes of sky with 2, 10, 20, 30 mins • Wedding-cake distribution for total time 1h to 10h • 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 12

Simulate throughput, fibre assignment, survey strategy and verify total survey quality Targets Science case S/N / Å r AB -mags (Millions) S1 Milky Way Halo LR Survey 10 16–20.0 1.4 S2 Milky Way Halo HR Survey 12–15.5 0.6 140 14–18.5 10.7 S3 Milky Way Disk and Bulge LR Survey 10–30 14–15.5 2.0 S4 Milky Way Disk and Bulge HR Survey 140 S5 Galaxy Clusters Survey 18–22.0 0.8 4 S6 AGN Survey 18–22.0 0.5 4 S7 Galaxy Evolution Survey (WAVES) 4 18–22.5 1.4 S8 Cosmology Redshift Survey 1 20–22.5 10.4 S9 Magellanic Clouds 10 – 30 16-20.0 0.3 S10 Transients Survey (TiDES) 4 18–22.5 0.3 Total >27 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 13

Schedule and Milestones Title Given Planned # Prede Expected Start 2011 2012 March 2019: • Duration cessors 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 4MOST concept design 1/9/11 Project Kicko ! 5 days 5/9/11 Final Design Review-2 , detailed designs finalized – Definition Phase 12/9/11 Refine science requirements 58 days 12/9/11 Call for Proposals Readiness Review , ready for Phase I community proposal selection – Determine operational constraints 58 days 12/9/11 Prepare sub-component performance estimates 58 days 12/9/11 Implement basic survey simulator 58 days 12/9/11 Fall 2019: • Prepare requirements and operations documents 58 days 12/9/11 Definition Review Meeting 2 days 1/12/11 Call for Letters of Intent from Community – Prelimiary Selection Phase 2 5/12/11 Refine survey simulator 60 days 5/12/11 Define baseline design Jan 2021: 40 days 5/12/11 • Refine sub-component performance estimates 40 days 5/12/11 Downselect telescope, positioner and spectrograph 5 days 30/1/12 All subsystems manufactured, assembled, integrated and verified – Complete reiview documents 20 days 6/2/12 Mid-term review and feedback 5 days 5/3/12 Feb 2022: • Final Selection Phase 9 12/3/12 Refine survey simulator 75 days 12/3/12 Detail selected sub-component study 35 days 12/3/12 Full system integrated and verified at AIP, preliminary acceptance Europe – Complete selected sub-component technical designs 35 days 12/3/12 Perform cost/performace trade studies 40 days 30/4/12 Oct 2022: • Complete final performance and operations documents 40 days 30/4/12 Final tradeo ! review 5 days 25/6/12 Consolidation Phase 16 2/7/12 System delivered, installed and commissioned on telescope, preliminary acceptance Chile – Finalise design details 20 days 2/7/12 Complete and deliver review documents 45 days 2/7/12 Nov 2022 – Oct 2027: • First science survey of 4MOST, 30% of targets available for Community Surveys – 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 14

A spectroscopic LSST • 4MOST parallel survey model – Picky back many low target density surveys • Simultaneously serving several types of specotrographs – HiRes large spectral coverage MOS – Fibre bundles – deployable IFUs – Partial reconfiguration of fields • New fibre concepts (e.g. OH suppression) • Different fibres? 4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 15

4MOST | 2ndGen LSST, 12 April 2019 | Matthias Steinmetz 16