Studied in Metallic Environments 3 He + n d d + 3 H + p + Konrad - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Effects of a Threshold Resonance in the DD Reactions Studied in Metallic Environments 3 He + n d d + 3 H + p + Konrad Czerski 1 September 14-18, 2015

Tunnel Effect Z 1 Z 2 e 2 V(r) V ( r ) = r penetration factor through the Coulomb barrier E r   E E    ( ) G exp G P E   E  E  - 50 MeV ... depends on the plasma temperature T (Sun) = 15 million deg 2

Electron Screening in Nuclear Reactions Z 1 Z 2 e 2 exp (- r /a ) V ( r ) = V(r) V(r) r Z 1 Z 2 e 2 ≈ - U e r Z 1 Z 2 e 2 U e = a R a r r screening energy -50 MeV -50 MeV   E E    P ( E ) ( ) G exp G P ( E+U e ) P E   E  E  s-wave penetration factor 3

Experimental Results (HV) A 2 angular distribution  d         1 cos A 2 P  tot 2 d EPL 2001 4

Experimental Results (HV) II 3 He + n d + d 3 H + p d + d metal target NIC 1998, p. 152 Europhys. Lett. 54 (2001) 449 Similar results: J. Kasagi et al., J.Phys.Soc.Jap. 71 (2002) 2281 F. Raiola et al., Eur.Phys.J. A13 (2002) 337 F. Raiola et al., Eur.Phys.J. A19 (2004) 283 gas target U e = 25 ± 5 eV U.Greife et al., Z.Phys. A351 (1995) 107 5

Experimental (HV) and Theoretical Results 350 350 Polarisation Screening Energy (eV) Ta Zr Pd exp 300 300 Pd Zr Ta Screening Energy (eV) 250 250 Al 200 200 Li Li Ta Pd 150 150 Al exp Zr theo 100 100 Al theo 50 50 TF Li 0 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 r s Atomic Number Z electron-gas parameter r s dielectric function theory: free and bound electron polarization cohesion screening 1 / 3   3 1    r s    4  n  a 0 6 Europhys. Lett. 2004, Phys. Rev. C 2008

UHV Experimental Setup I : 10-30 µA ECR ion source V : 30 kV  V : ~ 1 V mass analyzing spectrometer magnet electron detector target chamber p : 10 -11 – 10 -10 mbar 7

UHV Results Zr with LN 2 cooling U e = 497 ± 7 eV p H2O ~ 5x10 -12 mbar U e (HV)  300 eV U e (theo)  97 eV 80000 60000 Counts 40000 Auger electron spectroscopy 20000 8 EPJ A, 2011 0 200 400 600 800 Electron Energy (eV)

Compund Nucleus 4 He 9

Nuclear Molecule States Correlation diagram for the valence particle in the nuclear two-center system d + d structure 10 r

UHV Electron Screening – Resonance Contribution 2.0 1.8 exp screening interference effect Enhancement Factor 1.6 screening & resonance resonance 2 1.4 1.2 1.0 110 Enhancement Factor 105 0.8 Cross Section (arb. units) 5 10 15 20 25 100 Deuteron Energy (keV) 95 Zr 90 85 U e = 130 eV  p =20 meV 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Energy (keV) 16 matrix elements T βα = < 2Sα+1 L αJ |J π | 2Sβ+1 L βJ > 11

e LBRUS: scheme Unique combination of research methods of nuclear physics with methods of solid-state physics and laser optics for study of the condensed hard, soft and biological matter Nuclear Nuclear&Medical Nanoscopic Material e Power Physics Modification L aboratoria B adawczo- Accelerator with Ultra High Vacuum R ozwojowe U niwersytetu Radiospectroscopy S zczecinskiego Laser Polymer Physics NMR & EPR Diagnostics 12

e LBRUS: realization 13

Laboratory of Nuclear and Medical Physics accelerator with ultra high vacuum prototype ECR ion source low emittance , high current, light ions – a few mA Dreebit, Dresden, Germany Equipment : Electron Auger Spectroscopy XPS, UPS scanning pulsed Argon gun – ToF spectr. mass spectroscopy PREVAC, Poland p = 10 -11 mbar

Cross Sections @ 1 keV neutron channel proton channel 1,0 0,4 0,8 proton channel (a 2 /a 0 ) a 2 /a 0 neutron channel 0,3 0,6 0,2 0,4 Sr Ta 0,1 0,2 0,0 0,0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 E(keV) E(keV) 1.0  n  p  Branching Ratio resonance+direct branching Sr Ta 0.8 ratio 0.6 16 transition matrix elements 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 E LAB (keV) APP B 2014

e LBRUS : Dual Fluid Reactor & chromosome aberrations

People Electron Screening TU Berlin, IFK Berlin U Szczecin K. Czerski K. Czerski A. Huke N. Targosz P. Heide A. Kilic D. Weißbach M. Kaczmarski A. Kowalska W. Pereira TRIUMF, Vancouver HU Berlin G. Ruprecht H. Winter L. Martin D. Blauth 17