Environments Announcements Environments for Higher-Order Functions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Environments

Announcements

Environments for Higher-Order Functions

Environments Enable Higher-Order Functions 4

Environments Enable Higher-Order Functions Functions are first-class: Functions are values in our programming language 4

Environments Enable Higher-Order Functions Functions are first-class: Functions are values in our programming language Higher-order function: A function that takes a function as an argument value or A function that returns a function as a return value 4

Environments Enable Higher-Order Functions Functions are first-class: Functions are values in our programming language Higher-order function: A function that takes a function as an argument value or A function that returns a function as a return value Environment diagrams describe how higher-order functions work! 4

Environments Enable Higher-Order Functions Functions are first-class: Functions are values in our programming language Higher-order function: A function that takes a function as an argument value or A function that returns a function as a return value Environment diagrams describe how higher-order functions work! (Demo) 4

Names can be Bound to Functional Arguments 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20apply_twice%28f,%20x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20f%28f%28x%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0Adef%20square%28x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20x%20*%20x%0A%20%20%20%20%0Aresult%20%3D%20apply_twice%28square,%202%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

Names can be Bound to Functional Arguments Applying a user-defined function: • Create a new frame • Bind formal parameters (f & x) to arguments • Execute the body: return f(f(x)) 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20apply_twice%28f,%20x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20f%28f%28x%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0Adef%20square%28x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20x%20*%20x%0A%20%20%20%20%0Aresult%20%3D%20apply_twice%28square,%202%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

Names can be Bound to Functional Arguments Applying a user-defined function: • Create a new frame • Bind formal parameters (f & x) to arguments • Execute the body: return f(f(x)) 2 1 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20apply_twice%28f,%20x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20f%28f%28x%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0Adef%20square%28x%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20x%20*%20x%0A%20%20%20%20%0Aresult%20%3D%20apply_twice%28square,%202%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

Environments for Nested Definitions (Demo)

Environment Diagrams for Nested Def Statements 7 http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_adder%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20adder%28k%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20k%20%2B%20n%0A%20%20%20%20return%20adder%0A%20%20%20%20%0Athree_more_than%20%3D%20make_adder%283%29%0Aresult%20%3D%20three_more_than%284%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D

Environment Diagrams for Nested Def Statements Nested def 7 http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_adder%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20adder%28k%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20k%20%2B%20n%0A%20%20%20%20return%20adder%0A%20%20%20%20%0Athree_more_than%20%3D%20make_adder%283%29%0Aresult%20%3D%20three_more_than%284%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D

Environment Diagrams for Nested Def Statements Nested def 3 2 1 7 http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_adder%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20adder%28k%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20k%20%2B%20n%0A%20%20%20%20return%20adder%0A%20%20%20%20%0Athree_more_than%20%3D%20make_adder%283%29%0Aresult%20%3D%20three_more_than%284%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D

Environment Diagrams for Nested Def Statements Nested def 3 2 • Every user-defined function has a parent frame (often global) 1 7 http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_adder%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20adder%28k%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20k%20%2B%20n%0A%20%20%20%20return%20adder%0A%20%20%20%20%0Athree_more_than%20%3D%20make_adder%283%29%0Aresult%20%3D%20three_more_than%284%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D

Environment Diagrams for Nested Def Statements Nested def 3 2 • Every user-defined function has a parent frame (often global) 1 • The parent of a function is the frame in which it was defined 7 http://pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_adder%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20adder%28k%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20k%20%2B%20n%0A%20%20%20%20return%20adder%0A%20%20%20%20%0Athree_more_than%20%3D%20make_adder%283%29%0Aresult%20%3D%20three_more_than%284%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D

Environments Announcements Environments for Higher-Order Functions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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