Strategic management tools and governance structures in urban water services – a research proposal for Mexico Urban waters: Resource or Risk? WWW YES 2008 13-16 May 2008. Créteil – France Ricardo SANDOVAL MINERO 1 Michel NAKHLA 2 (1) Thésard, (2) Directeur de Recherches. Centre de Gestion Scientifique Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris
Plan � Stakes and challenges urban centers and population � Concepts, theory, tracks: urban water, institutions, transactions, cognition, management tools and governance � Proposed methodology � Expected results and discussion WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 2
Background and context Federal Government National Water Commission Basin Organizations Federal District 31 States (Mexico City) State Water Commissions 2438 Municipalities Water boards / operators WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 3
Stakes and challenges urban centers and population Percentage of total Number of cities population 11 14.3 > 1'000,000 inhab. 112 34.6 100,000 - 1'000,000 427 13.9 15,000 - 100,000 2640 13.7 2500 - 15,000 [INEGI, 2005] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 4
Stakes and challenges good news, bad news… � 95% coverage of � Half of surface waters water supply and polluted (COD) sewerage in Mexican � Less than 40% of cities in spite of wastewater treated; growth and less than 25% BOD urbanization removed � Water-related � Half the population illnesses under with discontinuous control service � Strong technical � Overall efficiency tradition under 40% WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 5
Stakes and challenges institutional environment’s evolution Centrally controlled Decentralization to Modernization Municipalities from Mexico City (1989 – 2006) (1983 – 1989) (1948 – 1983) Urbanization and simultaneous rural outburst + political plurality (local issues) “New public management” : Decentralization + privatization + participation irrigation urbanization sustainability ecology National Waters Law (1992) water quality Program « APAZU » Environment and Natural Resources Ministry (1988) Hydraulic Resources Ministry - General Direction for Water Supply and Sewerage (1948) National Water Commission (1989) + Basin Councils + Private Participation essays General Direction for the Operation of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems (1971) – Federal Water Supply Committees Ministry for Human Settlements and Public Works (1976) Ministry for Urban Development and Ecology (1982) [Author’s construction inspired in Pineda-Pablos, 2002] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 6
Concepts, theory, tracks economic framework Information asymmetry, non observability, non verifiability, uncertainty Institutional Task Mandate Arrangements Principal Agent (as perceived (perception (way of applying the rules) by the agent) made explicit) Perception contracting monitoring incentives penalties audits Objectives dispute resolution Institutional environment (“rules of the game”) Environment WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 7
Concepts, theory, tracks urban water, institutions, transactions Federal Pay for the PRINCIPAL Citizens & users government services Environmental Municipal Performance & resource and economic government regulation regulation Supervision Budgetary State and law Water board and technical AGENT enforcement government support Water To provide water By using a set Public health regulation operator and sanitation of resources Manage an Under a set of organization restrictions WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 8
Concepts, theory, tracks institutional environment [Author’s construction based on Baietti et al ., 2006] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 9
Concepts, theory, tracks institutional characterization [Author’s construction based on Luis-Manso et al ., 2005 and Ménard, 2003] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 10
Concepts, theory, tracks agency processes and cognition Kind of mandate Confuse a Clear Simple Complex Simple Complex Nature of task: Initial interaction Precise specification of mandate Vague declaration of mandate. Responsibility limitations. Definition of means. Intermediate State of Intuitive Precise accounts and Simplified accounts interaction advancement estimates of reports. and reports. advancement Evaluation of Evaluation of committed means. committed means. Final interaction Results evaluation Precise accounts and Simplified accounts reports. and reports. Eventually, Construction of construction of results. results. Numerical Advancement. Results. Activity indicators Results. a. Difficult to be made explicit. Source: adapted from Girin (1995). WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 11
Concepts, theory, tracks management tools and governance � Strategic dashboards ( tableaux de bord ) or scorecards � “Enlightened scorecard” - guide agent’s behavior in multi-objective contexts [Jensen, 2001] � Incorporate social and environmental objectives of sustainable development [Figge et al., 2002] � Incorporate tacit knowledge [Abernethy et al. , 2005] � Align strategy and operations within water utilities in Latin America [González et al. , 2006]; participation enhancement and organizational learning support [Reis Ferreira, 2004] � The implementation of an organizational learning device can contribute to governance improvement within organizations [Bouvier, 2004] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 12
Concepts, theory, tracks previous developments [Ferreira, 2004] [González et al., 2006] WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 13
Proposed methodology objectives and methods � Institutional environment evolution since municipal reform � Analytical grid – (1983) institutional � Analysis of three environment and instances showing arrangements different governance evolution modes or institutional arrangements � Detailed analysis of the � Intervention research, role of cognitive and implementation of a cultural costs, management tool as a information and learning device coordination in a [Moisdon, 2006] selected case WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 14
Proposed methodology field analysis � Baja California, Chihuahua � Public state � Coahuila � Public + mixed � Querétaro � Public state + municipal � Distrito Federal � Public + service contracts � Quintana Roo � Public + concession � Morelos � Public municipal WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 15
Expected results and discussion � An exploration of cognitive and cultural aspects of institutional arrangements evolution and endurance in Mexican urban water sector � A detailed exploration of the potential role of participatory strategic steering management tools � To incorporate sustainable development issues to long term planning � To improve governance in turbulent environments � A set of policy recommendations � A proposed governance model for medium-sized urban population centers WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 16
thanks merci gracias danke obrigado shokrán rsandova@hotmail.com todà ricardo.sandoval_minero@ensmp.fr Scholarship holder No. 206198 WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 17
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