Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines M. Pullia on behalf - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines M. Pullia on behalf of CNAO and MedAustron accelerator groups Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it PIMMS  Study hosted at CERN, 1995-1999  The Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS) was set up following an agreement between Med-AUSTRON (Austria) and the TERA Foundation (Italy) to join their resources in the design of a medical synchrotron that could later be adapted to individual national needs. CERN agreed to host this collaboration inside its PS Division and to contribute to the study. The group has worked in collaboration with GSI (Germany) and was later joined by Onkologie 2000 (Czech Republic).  Designed keeping in mind that the facility would be operated in a hospital environment Page  2 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Active systems 1.2 1 ] s t i n 0.8 u e v i t a 0.6 l e r [ e s o D 0.4 0.2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Depth [cm] Page  3 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it CNAO and MedAustron Treatments started in 2011 and 2017 respectively Page  4 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it CNAO and MedAustron: 2 implementations of PIMMS Page  5 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Sources 2 (3) Supernanogan ECR sources for fast particle change and stable Operation C 4+ or H 3 + 8 keV/u Page  6 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it LINAC Same RFQ+LINAC (GSI design) 400 keV/u RFQ 7 MeV/u LINAC Page  7 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Synchrotron Same Synchrotron design (PIMMS) 60 -250 MeV protons 120-400 MeV/u carbon ions Page  8 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it HEBT Different HEBT design Compact vs modular Page  9 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

Resonance sextupole D = D’ ≠ 0 RF cavity 2 Superperiods 2 Closed dispersion bumps 1 Dipole Family 3 Quadrupole Families 3 Sextupole Families D = D’ = 0 Betatron C 6+ inj C 6+ – 120 MeV p inj p – 60 MeV p – 250 MeV C 6+ - 400 MeV B  (T m) 0.4 1.1 2.4 0.8 3.3 6.4

www.cnao.it Treatment execution 1 s Sync Extraction magnets 2-3 min Injection magnets Extracted beam Page  11 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Extraction setup at CNAO Page  12 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Hardt condition Page  13 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Betatron extraction Page  14 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Head and tail of extraction Amplitude ( b )  p / p Head Tail Page  15 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Momentum distribution driven into resonance by Betatron core Schottky monitor Vert. histogram dp/p A. De Franco, ∑ . En:62.4 MeV, 1 st Harm A. Goetz Page  16 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Extraction features at CNAO Betatron core Empty bucket channelling Air core quadrupole RF-KO with new exciter RF-KO with Schottky Pick-up Beam shaping with Schottky PU Additional quad winding Page  17 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Betatron core  = 2.46 Wb Sensitivity to gap between halves Magnetic screen needed Page  18 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Empty bucket channelling Page  19 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Empty bucket  E Resonance line for low betatron amplitudes Amplitude Resonance region Resonance line for high betatron Sense of stack amplitudes acceleration PHASE Page  20 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it RF-Channeling spill smoothening Change Spot Sizes!!!  Re-commissioning Max Peak to Mean in a Spill 20 18 Max Peak to Mean in a Spill 16 14 12 10 With RF RF-Channeling Same scale 8 Reference channeling 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Averaging time (ms) En:62.4 MeV - F rev : 1.33 MHz. ∆ F ch :15kHz – 1500V Negligible losses A. De Franco, Spill time structure (50kHz) C. Schmitzer Page  21 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Empty Bucket results Protons Carbon ions Without Empty Bucket Rms duty factor Rms duty factor Empty Bucket 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 With Empty Bucket 0.4 0.4 Without Empty Bucket 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Without Empty Bucket Max / average Max / average Empty Bucket 50 60 With Empty Bucket 50 40 Without Empty Bucket 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Courtesy of L. Falbo Page  22 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Air core quadrupole Page  23 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Air core quad feed forward Page  24 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Automatic feed forward Feed forward correction requires repeatability, which was the case in the medium term (one day), but the correction parameters could vary over longer time (week). In the days following the air core quad feed forward MD, R. Cappi set up a system performing FFT and applying the correction at the following spill. Page  25 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it High Frequency Ripple Injection Feed forward does not work at CNAO, not even on the very short time scale (1 second). We needed an alternative. Ripple with betatron off. Brushing against the resonance Ripple with betatron on. Irregular spill with strong modulation Page  26 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it High Frquency Ripple Injection Inject a large ripple with a frequency higher than the one you are interested in The amount of extracted beam depends only on the betatron, thus an apparently more homegeneous spill is obtained. Page  27 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it High Frquency Ripple Injection Feed forward does not work at CNAO, not even on the very short time scale (1 second) Page  28 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Effect on the beam at isocenter Off 0.6 0.8 0.95 a.u. excitation Page  29 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it RF frequency sweeping HFRI  f t HFRI Period The same effect can be obtained with every means that can bring The beam towards and away from the resonance Page  30 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Empty Sweeping Bucket vs Empty Bucket Carbon ions Proton ions Max / Average Max / Average 10 14 Empty S-Bucket 9 Empty Bucket 12 Empty Bucket 8 Empty S ‐ Bucket 7 10 6 8 5 6 4 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 30 50 70 90 109 129 149 169 189 208 228 248 268 288 308 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Rms Duty Factor Rms Duty Factor 0.95 1 0.9 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.8 Empty S-Bucket 0.75 Empty Bucket 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.65 Empty Bucket 0.5 0.6 Empty S ‐ Bucket 0.55 0.4 0.5 0.3 30 50 70 90 109 129 149 169 189 208 228 248 268 288 308 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Courtesy of L. Falbo Page  31 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Air core quad with feedback Feedback start Signal from a scintillator (qualification monitor in the HEBT) Page  32 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Ripple compensation Integration time 100 us (10 kHz data) 100 ms Empty bucket+HFRI No compensation Empty bucket + ACQ feedback Empty bucket Page  33 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Different ripple spectra at CNAO and MedAustron Page  34 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Carbon & proton ripples Proton Carbon 1ms sampling frequency. All shift included (also few Machine Dev.) S. Waid, A. De Franco Page  35 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Bar of charge Page  36 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it Bar of charge measurement at MedAustron Use 8 monitors in the long straight section and match Twiss parameters Page  37 Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019