Standardized Curriculum WAP Training Plans and Resources
Goals of Standardized Curriculum • Compile institutional knowledge • Create baseline • Core Competencies • Flexibility • Sections • Editable • Useful to instructors of all experience levels • Free to all WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 2
Standardized Curriculum is not… • All things to all people • Substitute for good, engaging instructors WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 3
Process • Input from Trainers and the field • Review module outlines • Create module • Technical and training review and field testing • Revisions • Roll-out • Feedback • Revisions WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 4
Modules • Installer Fundamentals • Train the Trainer • Installer Intermediate • Heating System Training for Energy Auditors and • Installer – Mobile Homes Inspectors • Energy Auditor • Heating and Cooling • Crew Chief System Training for HVAC Contractors • Technical Monitoring/Inspecting • Multifamily Specialties WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 5
Example: Installer Fundamentals • Presentation • Speaker’s Notes • Lesson Plans • Sample Course Schedule • Hands On Props • Additional Resources • Glossary WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 6
What’s Included? WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 7
Overview • Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program • Communication Skills • House as a System • Building Science Basics • Blower Door Basics • Pressure and Thermal Boundaries • Combustion Safety • Worker Safety • Materials, Tools, & Equipment • Typical Weatherization Measures • Mobile Home Basics • Multifamily Basics WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 8
Learning Objectives BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS By attending this session, participants will: • Understand the difference between thermal and air barriers • Know the proper location of thermal and air barriers • Recognize the driving forces of air leakage • Understand the connection between air leakage, energy waste, and moisture problems • Understand how air ducts affect pressure balances within the home • Understand the principle behind the blower door as a tool for measuring air leakage WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 9
Comfort, Safety, and Efficiency BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS A comfortable, safe, and energy-efficient home requires: • A fully insulated thermal envelope • A well-sealed air boundary • The thermal and air boundaries to be continuous and in contact with one another • Efficient, properly sized equipment to condition the living space and heat water • A well-designed and balanced air distribution system • Healthy indoor air quality WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 10
Thermal Boundary BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS The Thermal Boundary: • Limits heat flow between inside and outside • Easy to identify by presence of insulation • The location of insulation in relation to other building components is critical to its effectiveness • Even small areas of missing insulation are very important • Voids of 7% can reduce effective R-value by almost 50% WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 11
WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 12
Air Barrier BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS The Air Barrier: • Limits airflow between inside and outside • More difficult to identify • Not always where you think it is • Blower door is used to locate air barrier WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 13
Air Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Air leakage requires: • A hole • Pressure difference across that hole • The bigger the hole or higher the pressure difference, the more airflow • To reduce airflow, we can reduce the size of the hole or lower the pressure difference WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 14
Air Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS • Airflow is measured in cubic feet per minute, also written as ft 3 /min, or CFM • 1 CFM OUT = 1 CFM IN • Airflow takes the path of least resistance • Air moves from high- to low-pressure areas • Air usually moves from high- to low-temperature areas WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 15
Air Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Direct Leakage occurs at direct openings to outdoors. Leakage enters and exits at same location. Indirect Leakage Leakage enters at one location, moves through building cavities, and exits at a different location. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 16
Air Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Ventilation = Controlled air leakage Exfiltration = Infiltration = Air leaking out Air leaking in WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 17
Driving Forces of Air Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Driving Forces of Air Leakage Temperature and pressure differences – usually between inside the house and outside The bigger the temperature or pressure difference, the greater the air and heat flow WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 18
Air Leakage: Temperature BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS T = Temperature Difference Winter Summer 70 ° 10 ° 90 ° 70 ° T=60 ° T=20 ° hot cold Flow is from _____ to _____ The higher the T, the ______ heat and air want more to escape or enter the building WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 19
Air Leakage: Pressure BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS P = Pressure Difference Positive Negative positive (high) negative (low) Flow is from ________________ to ________________ pressure enters exits For every CFM that _______, one CFM _______ least Flow takes the path of _______ resistance WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 20
Air Leakage: Driving Forces BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Types of Driving Forces Wind Heat – Stack effect, combustion Fans – Exhaust fans, duct leaks, interior doors WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 21
Driving Forces: Wind Effect BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS WIND DIRECTION positive negative pressure pressure Wind creates a Which creates a positive pressure on negative pressure the windward side of on the other sides the building . . . of the house WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 22
Driving Forces: Stack Effect BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Stack Effect Warmer air rises and positive pressure escapes out of the top of the house. . . Neutral pressure plane Which creates a suction that pulls in negative pressure outside air at the bottom of the house WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 23
Stack Effect Positive pressure (with reference to outside) Neutral pressure plane Negative pressure David Keefe (with reference to outside) Vermont Energy Investment Corp. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 24
Driving Forces: Combustion & Fans BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Combustion Equipment & Exhaust Fans Negative Exhaust pressure Fan Negative pressure WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 25
Driving Forces: Duct Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Duct Leakage Duct leakage can create positive and negative pressures in different areas of the house The pressures associated with duct leaks can be larger and more important because the Return Supply driving force is stronger All holes are not created equal! WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 26
Driving Forces: Duct Leakage BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Duct Leakage Closed doors that prevent supply air from getting back to a return cause positive pressures in those rooms with supply vents. . . . Return Supply Meanwhile, starving the return for air, causing negative pressure in the zone where the return is located. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 27
Driving Forces: Imbalances BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Room Pressure Imbalances Master Bedroom Utility Room Kitchen Whole-house return in hallway Living Room Bedroom Bath WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 28
Controlled Driving Force BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Use a Blower Door as a Controlled Driving Force Using the blower door depressurizes negative pressure the house, drawing air through all the Blower Door holes between inside and outside WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 29
Summary BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS • Pressure and thermal boundaries should be continuous and in contact with each other • Air carries heat and moisture • Air leakage requires a hole and pressure difference • Wind, heat and fans drive pressure differences • Duct location and condition can cause room pressure imbalances • Blower door is a controlled driving force for quantifying air leakage WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 30
Questions? Kelly Cutchin kcutchin@sms-results.com 202.558.9742
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