Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan John Kennedy Intel Labs Europe
Before we begin… AMD • AT&T Microelectronics • Digital Equipment • Harris Semiconductor • Hewlett-Packard • IBM • Intel • + US Government = LSI Logic • Micron Technology • Motorola • National Semiconductor • NCR • Rockwell International • Now nearly 30 years later: a fully international, non-profit, non-governmental consortium of Texas Instruments • nearly 70 members
What is a Service Level Agreement? A Cloud Model… Cloud Service Provider Cloud Services Cloud Service Advertise Customer Cloud Resources Discover Service, SLA, Negotiate Compute Browser Resource Management Consume Application Manage Storage Monitor Person Network
What is a Service Level Agreement? …Cloud Interfaces… Cloud Service Provider Cloud Services Cloud Service Advertise Customer Cloud Resources Discover Service, SLA, Negotiate Compute Browser Resource Management Consume Application Manage Storage Monitor Person Network
What is a Service Level Agreement? …Cloud Data Models… Cloud Service Provider Cloud Services Cloud Service Advertise Customer Cloud Resources Discover Service, SLA, Negotiate Compute Browser Resource Management Consume Application Manage Storage Monitor Person Network …and Legal Framework
What is a Service Level Agreement? ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011 : a documented agreement between the service provider and customer that identifies services and service targets [can also be established between providers and suppliers etc., can be included in a contract or other form of documented agreement] SLAware , informal definition: SLAs are negotiated agreements between service providers and customers specifying their respective responsibilities and obligations in respect of service delivery and service usage. In addition to providing details of agreement parties, services and SLA duration, SLAs may, among other things, specify prices & costs, quality of service & other performance objectives, help-desk details, schedules for regular maintenance, penalties for SLA violations, exclusion clauses and termination conditions. https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf
SLAs Today Arbitrary in detail and content • Verbose • Complex, possibly nested • Static • Provider centric • Require careful, manual scrutiny and comprehension by the customer Potentially complex, bespoke software (re)architecture and engineering required by customer to maximise efficiency SLAs are tedious, arbitrary and complex – but of fundamental business importance to both parties
SLAs of the Future: Standardisation? Machine Readability and Comprehension: key enabler for automation of Discovery • Negotiation • Composition • Monitoring • Disposition of Violations • Personalised SLAs, Flexible Offerings, Benefits: Ability to Compare Maximised Efficiencies Requires agreed Cloud Interfaces, SLA Data Models, SLA Vocabularies and Legal Framework
Researching Standardised SLA- Aware Interfaces… CIMI : Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface Interface for IaaS Resource Management • IaaS specific semantics • Industry driven • OCCI: Open Cloud Computing Interface Extendable Interface for Cloud Resource Management • Core model, infrastructure extension, HTTP rendering separately defined • Open community • Multiple reference implementations • Monitoring extensions, JSON rendering being progressed •
Researching Standardised SLA Data Models… Many projects have investigated and progressed various aspects of SLA Models • EC’s Cloud Computing SLAs – Exploitation of Research Results report highlights: • 4CaaSt: Blueprint Concept • BREIN: Semantic Annotation in SLA templates • CloudScale: Scalability Specification • Cloud-TM: SLA Definition and Enforcement in Transactional Data Stores • CONTRAIL: SLA Specification and Quality Model • EGI: Service Catalogue in a Federated Environment • IRMOS: SLAs at Different Levels • OPTIMIS: Service Manifest • Q-ImPrESS: QoS-oriented SLA Specification • PrestoPRIM : SLA Specification for Preservation Services (risk of data loss) • SLA@SOI: Service Description • VISION Cloud: Content-related Terms in SLAs •
SLA@SOI Data Model: SLA * A Generic SLA Model Rich • Comprehensive • Extendable • Format independent • Scope Includes Technical Provision Request details • Monitoring requirements • Functional and non-functional parameters • http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5697973
Commercial State of the art - 2012 Consuming the Cloud - Amazon EC2: Coarse-grained, non-scaling, not SLA aware.
SLA * POC Customer: • Requests a Service with specific capabilities • Personalises their SLA Provider automatically • Provisions the Service • Configures monitoring • Detects potential violations • Makes adjustment, or generates alert • Optimises based on internal policies, maintaining SLAs On-Demand Provisioning of Business-aware SLA guaranteed PaaS Services
An evolution of SLA *: SLAware https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf
SLAware – Analysis of Amazon EC2 SLA https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf
Researching Standardised SLA Vocabularies… Arguably detailed vocabularies need to be domain and application specific. Some related work includes: ODCA Usage Models • NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap • Intel Cloud Finder •
NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/upload/SP_500_293_volumeII.pdf
Intel Cloud Finder www.IntelCloudFinder.com
Researching Legal Framework… ‘walls and limits in the cloud will make your life harder’ “Standards, certification, data protection, interoperability, lock-in, legal certainty and others […] where these barriers exist, I am determined to Neelie Kroes, Commissioner for Digital Agenda overcome them” How do I know what service I am buying? Will my data be protected? Which providers can I trust? Can I switch providers easily? Can I easily enforce the contract through legal action? Davos Keynote – Jan 2012 - http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/38
European Cloud Computing Strategy http://csc.etsi.org/ Report on Exploitation of SLA Research Results European Cloud Partnership https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/cloud-computing-policy-roadmap
SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. 45+ SIGs progressing Cloud Standards
SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG TM Forum have published numerous SLA documents including GB917 SLA Management Handbook, TR178 CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C Enabling End to End Cloud SLA Management and TR197 Multi-Cloud Service Management Pack – SLA CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG Business Blueprint, all specifically addressing needs of Telcos. CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc.
SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum Recent NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG discusses potential for standardised SLAs. Version 2.0 of NIST Cloud Computing Taxonomy to CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C include newly identified SLA taxonomy to CESI FIRST CVSS SIG support US Government. JCC OMG W3C HTML WG Version 1.0 of NIST Cloud Computing Technology CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. Roadmap (draft) includes SLA concept maps.
SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA Detailed report has been compiled by stakeholders re CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA Cloud Computing Service Level Agreements - Exploitation of Research Results . Includes CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum recommendations for Cloud Select Industry Group on SLAs CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG to consider, for potential rollup to ETSI CSC. Details outputs from more than 21 projects. Provides 11 specific CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C recommendations for progressing SLAs. CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG ETSI CSC coordinating European strategy to address cloud standards. CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc.
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