South Pole Station Ozonesondes: 2017 Shows Less Severe Ozone Loss - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

South Pole Station Ozonesondes: 2017 Shows Less Severe Ozone Loss Bryan Johnson, Patrick Cullis, Chance Sterling, Glen McConville, Irina Petropavlovskikh NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division & CIRES, Univ. of Colorado Ozonesondes: 32 consecutive years. • 1986-2017: 1,930 ozonesonde launches 1967-1971: 65 ozonesondes (no ozone hole) • Dobson Spectrophotometer: 54 years 1964-2017: Daily Total Column Ozone 1

South Pole Station Ozonesondes: 2017 Shows Less Severe Ozone Loss A look at NOAA ozonesonde hole recovery indicators • Ozonesondes 1. Total Column Ozone 2. 14-21 km Layer Column Ozone 3. September 14-21 km Loss Rate (Dobson Units / Day) • Dobson Spectrophotometer 1. Daily Total Column Ozone (compare to 1967-1981) 2

South Pole Station Ozonesondes: Minimum Ozonesonde (Total Ozone) Profile 2017 25 Sep 2017 NASA image 3

South Pole Station Ozonesondes: Minimum Ozonesonde (14-21 km column) Profile 2017 08 Oct 2017 NASA image 4

South Pole Dobson: Dobson Spectrophotometer (Total Column) 5

South Pole Dobson: Dobson Spectrophotometer & Ozonesonde (Total Column) 6

The NOAA Ozone Depleting Gas Index based on Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine : Guiding Recovery of the Ozone Layer (Montzka, et al.) 1. Ozonesondes: Ozone depletion depends on stratospheric chlorine & meteorological / temperature conditions of polar vortex.  Total Column Ozone  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites:  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 7

Tracking South Pole Ozone Observations binned in 8 year intervals (median values) to compare with Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine 1. Ozonesondes: Guiding Recovery of the Ozone Layer (Montzka, et al.) Ozone depletion depends on stratospheric chlorine & meteorological / temperature conditions of polar vortex.  Total Column Ozone  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites:  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, South Pole Dobson begins South Pole Ozonesonde observations begin 1986 IceCube 1985 Farman paper , Montreal Protocol originally signed 1987 8

Dobson Spectrophotometer 1. Ozonesondes:  Total Column Ozone chlorine / index  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites: YEAR  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 9

Dobson Spectrophotometer 1. Ozonesondes:  Total Column Ozone chlorine / index  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites: YEAR  Total Column Ozone ozonesondes during  Area of Ozone Hole September to mid October Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 15

South Pole Station Ozonesondes 14-21 km Layer 1. Ozonesondes: 1991 – 2014 median weekly profiles during rapid  Total Column Ozone ozone depletion from Sep 1 – Oct 3  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites:  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 16

Ozonesonde 14-21 km column ozone (balloon flights) from 1986-1993 July-December and median line 160 1986-1993 Column Ozone (Dobson 140 14-21 km 120 Layer 100 Units) 80 60 40 20 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ozonesondes 10%-90% 30%-70% statistical envelopes 1991-2014 data

Ozonesondes

Stratospheric Ozone Recovery:  September Ozone Depletion Rate in 14-21 km Layer 1. Ozonesondes:  Total Column Ozone  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry)  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites:  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 22

Stratospheric Ozone Recovery:  September Ozone Depletion Rate in 14-21 km Layer 1. Ozonesondes: “September loss rate rising above the -2.7 DU/day at 14-21km can be used as another  Total Column Ozone ozone recovery indicator”. David Hofmann et al. 1997 JGR  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone  September Ozone Loss Rate 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:  Total Column Ozone  chlorine (chemistry) -2.7 DU/Day  temperature & meteorological conditions. 3. Satellites:  Total Column Ozone  Area of Ozone Hole Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube 23

Summary of 14-21 km Minimum Ozone 1986-2017 Ranking Last 4 years in red text Min 14-21 KM Column Lowest to Highest RANK MIN (DU) YEAR DATE 1. Ozonesondes: 1 1.2 2006 9-Oct 2 1.6 2011 9-Oct  Total Column Ozone 3 1.8 2001 4-Oct 4 2.3 1998 5-Oct 5 2.4 1997 8-Oct  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone 6 2.7 1999 29-Sep 7 2.7 2005 28-Sep  September Ozone Loss Rate 8 2.9 2000 11-Oct 9 3.1 1993 12-Oct 10 3.6 1996 8-Oct 11 3.7 1995 11-Oct 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer: 12 4.4 2003 26-Sep 13 4.5 2007 29-Sep  Total Column Ozone 14 4.9 2015 12-Oct  chlorine (chemistry) 15 5.9 1994 5-Oct  temperature & meteorological conditions. 16 6.1 2009 29-Sep 17 6.6 2010 2-Oct 18 6.7 2016 5-Oct 3. Satellites: 19 7.2 2008 5-Oct 20 10.4 1987 9-Oct  Total Column Ozone 21 11.1 1990 10-Oct 22 11.3 2004 16-Oct 23 12.4 1992 11-Oct  Area of Ozone Hole 24 12.5 2014 8-Oct 25 13.3 1989 9-Oct 26 13.4 2012 5-Oct 27 15.2 2013 29-Sep 28 16.0 1991 15-Oct 29 16.9 2017 3-Oct Photo by Christian Krueger, 30 17.2 1986 7-Oct IceCube 31 25.9 2002 8-Oct 24 32 39.9 1988 10-Oct

SUMMARY of 14-21 km Minimum Ozone 1986-2017 Ranking compare similar cold, stable vortex conditions Min 14-21 KM Column Lowest to Highest RANK MIN (DU) YEAR DATE 1. Ozonesondes: 1 1.2 2006 9-Oct 2 1.6 2011 9-Oct  Total Column Ozone 3 1.8 2001 4-Oct 4 2.3 1998 5-Oct 2006 5 2.4 1997 8-Oct  14-21 km Layer Column Ozone 6 2.7 1999 29-Sep 7 2.7 2005 28-Sep  September Ozone Loss Rate 8 2.9 2000 11-Oct 9 3.1 1993 12-Oct 10 3.6 1996 8-Oct 11 3.7 1995 11-Oct 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer: 12 4.4 2003 26-Sep 1997 13 4.5 2007 29-Sep  Total Column Ozone 14 4.9 2015 12-Oct 15 5.9 1994 5-Oct  chlorine (chemistry) 16 6.1 2009 29-Sep  temperature & meteorological conditions. 17 6.6 2010 2-Oct 18 6.7 2016 5-Oct 3. Satellites: 19 7.2 2008 5-Oct 20 10.4 1987 9-Oct  Total Column Ozone 21 11.1 1990 10-Oct 22 11.3 2004 16-Oct 23 12.4 1992 11-Oct  Area of Ozone Hole 2015 24 12.5 2014 8-Oct 25 13.3 1989 9-Oct 26 13.4 2012 5-Oct 27 15.2 2013 29-Sep 28 16.0 1991 15-Oct 29 16.9 2017 3-Oct Photo by Christian Krueger, 30 17.2 1986 7-Oct IceCube 31 25.9 2002 8-Oct 25 32 39.9 1988 10-Oct

South Pole Station Ozonesondes: 2017 Shows Less Severe Ozone Loss - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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