South- -East East Pahang Pahang Peat Peat South Swamp Forests, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

South- -East East Pahang Pahang Peat Peat South Swamp Forests, Malaysia Swamp Forests, Malaysia Conservation and Sustainable Use of Conservation and Sustainable Use of Peat Swamp Forests Peat Swamp Forests UNDP/GEF MAL/99/G31 UNDP/GEF MAL/99/G31

Savinder Kaur Kaur Gill Gill Savinder Consultant Environmental Sociologist Consultant Environmental Sociologist UNDP/GEF funded Peat Swamp Forest Project UNDP/GEF funded Peat Swamp Forest Project Pahang Pahang 16 November 2007 16 November 2007

Introduction Introduction Peninsular Malaysia has: Peninsular Malaysia has: • largest significant peat swamp forest cover in • largest significant peat swamp forest cover in mainland tropical Asia (340,000 ha) mainland tropical Asia (340,000 ha) • mainland Asia’ ’s largest and least disturbed PSF s largest and least disturbed PSF • mainland Asia remaining as a single nearly contiguous complex remaining as a single nearly contiguous complex

South- -East East Pahang Pahang Peat Swamp Peat Swamp South Forests Forests • Pekan District, District, Pahang Pahang • Pekan • Four permanent forest reserves, i.e. Pekan Pekan, , • Four permanent forest reserves, i.e. Nenasi, , Kedondong Kedondong & & Resak Resak (87,000ha.) (87,000ha.) Nenasi • Production forests • Production forests • Demonstration site for sustainable forest • Demonstration site for sustainable forest management management

Project Site Project Site

The UNDP/GEF funded Peat The UNDP/GEF funded Peat Swamp Forest Project Swamp Forest Project Watch the Watch the VIDEO……… ………. . VIDEO

Ecology of the SEPPSF Ecology of the SEPPSF I nland Area-W etland Features -Peat swamp forest: dominant ecosystem - -Freshwater swamp forest: along riverbanks - -Herbaceous swamp: prolonged inundation - -River channels: tidal black water drainage - -Riverine vegetation: along riverbanks - -Open water (still): occur only by intervention - -Macrophyte beds: spawning, feeding nurseries - I nland Areas-Dryland Features -Heath forest: on old, leached sand ridges - -Padang vegetation: grassland/ early regeneration - -Dipterocarp forest: on sandstone outcrops - -Beach forest: on residual sand ridges - Marine Coastal Areas Features -Mangroves: on depositions of mud - -Sand beaches: beach stabilizing vegetation - -Mudflats: feeding areas near mangroves - -Lagoonal open water: sheltered, invertebrates - -Coastal open water: commercial marine fisheries - -Brackish water riverine vegetation: degree of salinity a determinant -

Benefits of Intact Peat Swamp Forests Benefits of Intact Peat Swamp Forests VALUE BENEFI TS USES FORESTRY AGRI CULTURE RECREATI ON/ TOURI SM RESEARCH/ EDUCATI ON W ATER SUPPLY W I LDLI FE PRODUCTI ON FI SH PRODUCTI ON FUNCTI ONS FLOOD MI TI GATI ON PREVENTI ON OF SALI NE W ATER I NTRUSI ON MAI NTENANCE OF BASE FLOW S I N RI VERS SEDI MENT REMOVAL NUTRI ENT REMOVAL TOXI CANT REMOVAL GROUNDW ATER RECHARGE GROUNDW ATER DI SCHARGE ATTRI BUTES BI OLOGI CAL DI VERSI TY CULTURAL/ SPI RI TUAL VALUE HI STORI C VALUE AESTHETI C VALUE W I LDERNESS VALUE

Species Diversity (Flora) Species Diversity (Flora) • At least 221 taxa taxa of flora of a total of 238 of flora of a total of 238 taxa taxa in PM in PM • At least 221 • • Gonystylus bancanus Gonystylus bancanus , , Durio Durio carinatus carinatus , , Madhuca Madhuca motleyana , , Shorea Shorea platycarpa platycarpa , and , and Shorea Shorea uliginosa uliginosa are are motleyana commercial species seemingly restricted to swamp forests commercial species seemingly restricted to swamp forests in the region. in the region. • Tetramerista glabra glabra : important commercial species; fruits a : important commercial species; fruits a • Tetramerista food source for some birds and mammals. food source for some birds and mammals. • • Durio carinatus Durio carinatus : food source for hornbills, other birds and : food source for hornbills, other birds and mammals mammals • Alstonia angustiloba angustiloba : : preferred nesting places for globally preferred nesting places for globally • Alstonia Vulnerable Lesser Adjutant Stork Vulnerable Lesser Adjutant Stork

Species Diversity (Fauna) Species Diversity (Fauna) • Mammals: 63 species (19 on the IUCN Red List) • Mammals: 63 species (19 on the IUCN Red List) • Birds: 192 species (56 are on the IUCN Red List) • Birds: 192 species (56 are on the IUCN Red List) • Herptiles: 8 species of turtles (all are on the IUCN Red List) : 8 species of turtles (all are on the IUCN Red List) • Herptiles • Endemic Fauna: 36 species of birds are Sundaland Sundaland endemics; endemics; • Endemic Fauna: 36 species of birds are Three out of the six endemic fish species in Pahang Pahang state are state are Three out of the six endemic fish species in found in the SEPPSF. found in the SEPPSF. • Stenotopic Species: 70% of the fishes considered to be Species: 70% of the fishes considered to be • Stenotopic stenotopic to to blackwaters blackwaters in Peninsular Malaysia in Peninsular Malaysia stenotopic • 2 amphibian species exclusively peat swamp species. • 2 amphibian species exclusively peat swamp species. • A breeding colony of the Lesser Adjutant Stork, Leptoptilos Leptoptilos • A breeding colony of the Lesser Adjutant Stork, javanicus javanicus • Blackwater streams and rivers critical spawning areas, streams and rivers critical spawning areas, • Blackwater e.g. Wallago Wallago leerii leerii . . e.g.

Threats to SEPPSF Threats to SEPPSF • Land conversion • Land conversion • Forest fires • Forest fires • Alteration of hydrological regime • Alteration of hydrological regime • Invasion of exotic species • Invasion of exotic species • Unsustainable logging • Unsustainable logging

Logging Management Logging Management • Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) • Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) – Field demonstration and supervision at the – Field demonstration and supervision at the Compartment 77 in the Pekan Pekan FR, using the FR, using the Compartment 77 in the RIMBAKA Timber Harvester RIMBAKA Timber Harvester – RIL = systematic approach to planning, – RIL = systematic approach to planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating forest implementing, monitoring and evaluating forest harvesting, aimed at reducing soil disturbance, harvesting, aimed at reducing soil disturbance, impacts on wildlife and damage to residual trees. impacts on wildlife and damage to residual trees. – Particularly for sustainable management of – Particularly for sustainable management of mainly hill forests. mainly hill forests.

Conservation and Sustainable Forest Conservation and Sustainable Forest Management Management • Formulation of Integrated management plan (IMP) • Formulation of Integrated management plan (IMP) through multi- -stakeholder input stakeholder input through multi � logging minimized or even – Sensitive areas were identified � logging minimized or even – Sensitive areas were identified banned banned – – Intensity of planned logging in less sensitive areas adjusted to Intensity of planned logging in less sensitive areas adjusted to maintain its production within the justified allowable coupe. maintain its production within the justified allowable coupe. – – Set- Set -aside areas with high conservation values established in the aside areas with high conservation values established in the core zones core zones – Entire forest reserve complex managed as a single unit of strict – Entire forest reserve complex managed as a single unit of strict biodiversity protection area. biodiversity protection area. – Social engagement in project planning and management – Social engagement in project planning and management • Endorsement of IMP by The State Executive Committee • Endorsement of IMP by The State Executive Committee • Establishment of a State Project Steering Committee • Establishment of a State Project Steering Committee (SPSC)/Wetlands Management Committee (WMC) (SPSC)/Wetlands Management Committee (WMC)

Participatory Participatory community project community project planning planning

The Communities The Communities • Indigenous ‘ ‘Orang Orang Asli Asli’ ’ Jakun Jakun • Indigenous • 19 villages surrounding the SEPPSF • 19 villages surrounding the SEPPSF • 8,000 people • 8,000 people