KREISEL ELECTRIC Solutions for an electrified world Agenda Kreisel Electric Applications
KREISEL ELECTRIC From prototyping beginnings to battery pack technology provider Prototyping Battery module & pack technology Superior performance, safety and modularity at competitive cost
KREISEL ELECTRIC Focus on in-house research & development, validation and assembly Software development Engineering & simulation Testing & quality Production & assembly
KREISEL ELECTRIC Kreisel offering the best environment for best talents
KREISEL ELECTRIC Solutions for an electrified world Agenda Kreisel Electric Applications
KREISEL ELECTRIC Superior battery pack technology at competitive cost Superior performance through best-in- Performan formance ce Safety ety class thermal management Desig ign to Improved safety due to unique cost propagation prevention features Modularity as a result of “Lego” principle Competitive prices due to clear focus on Modu dulari larity ty “design to cost”
KREISEL ELECTRIC Simple patent protected architecture based on cylindrical cell Design to cost 4 1 Cylindrical cells (18650 & 21700) 2 2 Mechanical base plate 3 3 Hollow block for direct liquid cooling 1 4 Electrical contacting spring with fuse 5 5 “Lego” principle
KREISEL ELECTRIC Of the three competing cell formats, Kreisel uses cylindrical cells in its battery modules… Very high performan ance High Medium Low Benefits on pack level Cylindrical cell Pouch cell Prismatic cell 0 -- -- Cost / availability 1 + 0 0 2 Thermal management 3 + 0 0 Safety 4 0 + ++ Assembly / complexity
KREISEL ELECTRIC … and through the use of the Kreisel Technology improves the key aspects of cylindrical cells compared to other formats Very high performan ance High Medium Low Benefits on pack level Cylindrical cell Cylindrical cell Pouch cell Prismatic cell 0 0 -- -- Cost / availability 1 ++ + 0 0 2 Thermal management 3 ++ + 0 0 Safety 4 + 0 + ++ Assembly / complexity Improved key attributes are a direct result of the patented thermal management, safety features and modular architecture
KREISEL ELECTRIC Kreisel targets $100/kWh by latest 2025 1 Expected cell price evolution (acc. to Fraunhofer 2017) Kreisel component cost depending on production size Pouc uch h (in $ per kWh) 550 cells 2019 2025 500 Cylindr ndrical Total cost per battery cells 450 pack ~$170 0 per kWh 400 350 Total cost per battery 300 pack ~$ ~$100 00 per kWh 250 $142 200 150 $80 100 50 $28 $20 0 100k packs 500k packs 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 E E E Kreisel components Cell Historical costs cylindrical Cylindrical (minimal cost) Cylindrical (maximal cost) Historical costs large pouch / prismatic cells Pouch / prismatic (minimal cost) Pouch / prismatic (maximal cost)
KREISEL ELECTRIC Utilization of idle space leads to higher energy density 1 Exemplary Cell level Pack level 6 kWh pack Utilizing idle space for Gravimetric Volumetric Gravimetric Cylindri rical cal Cooling/heating energy density energy density energy density Possibility (high power r Safety to use 154 Wh/kg 179 Wh/l 116 Wh/kg 21700) Stability smaller batteries 98% higher 61 61% higher 82% higher 82 at same Adds space and weight for power Gravimetric Volumetric Gravimetric Pris ismatic tic output Cooling/heating energy density energy density energy density (high power r Safety 120x80x 0x12) 12) 78 Wh/kg 111 Wh/l 64 Wh/kg Stability
KREISEL ELECTRIC Direct liquid cooling leads to best-in-class thermal management 2 Direct liquid cooling Liquid flow Thermal management + 1 Charge rge modus us Temperature (+ (+- )5º Drive modus us 2 + Kreisel cooling g can hold d Ion cell (+ (+- )5º at (+-) 5 degrees Time Charging temperature quickly Discharging temperature 8x larger cooling surface area reached quickly reached compared to prismatic cell Holding in very narrow temperature ranges Optimal heat transfer due to possible (+/- 5 ° ) at packing level Excellent cooling performance direct contact with cell and thermal management Controlled fast temperature changes possible Thermal management allows for improved C-rates and lifetime
KREISEL ELECTRIC Hybrid- racing test at Nürburgring Nordschleife demonstrates 2 the increased cell performance Increased cell performance Test environment Ex-Muhle Bergwerk Adena nau Wehrseifen Caracciola- Krussell Kesselchen Hohe Acht B412 Kallenhard Klostertal Wippermann Metzgesfeld Adenauer-Forst Eschbach Fuchsröhre Brunnchen B257 Stefan-Bellof-S Pflanzgarten Nordsch chlei eife fe Aremberg Schwedenkreuz Schwalbenschwanz Döttinger Höhe Flugplatz Nurbur urg Meuspath Quiddelbacher Höhe Antoniusbuche Hocheichen Tiergarten 8.3min Hatzenbach B258 𝑫 − 𝑺𝒃𝒖𝒇: 𝑫𝒗𝒔𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒖 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝑩 Advan-Bogen Veedol-Schikane 𝑫𝒃𝒒𝒃𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒛 = 𝟒𝑩𝒊 𝟐 𝑫𝒇𝒎𝒎 = 𝟒𝟕𝑫 ~21km Mercedes-Arena Bilstein-Kurve Yokohama-S B257 Cell-stress by extreme racing cycle up to 36C
KREISEL ELECTRIC Racing test shows best-in-class cooling performance and 2 lifetime compared to closest competitor Racing profile vs cooling principle Cooling effect on lifetime @ racing cycles Kreisel cooling at 90% SOH @ Cycle le Stop 57 57 ° C 60 ° C same temperature 3,300 Cycles level would lead to with Kreisel 50 50 ° C energy savings cooling compared to other 3,300 Cycles = cooling concepts 69,300 racing Side wall cooling km @ Nürburg - derates after 400s if ring Nord- Temp. Fluid inlet = 35 ° C environmental schleife Tests are still running (April 19) Temp. Environment = 25 ° C temperature is ≥30 ° C (measurement) Competitive cooling benchmark with 21700 cell @ discharge 36C and charge 15C
KREISEL ELECTRIC Simulation confirms superior thermal management 2 1 Kreis isel l direct liqui uid d cool oling: ing: 3 1 2 Maximum JR (Jelly Roll) temperature during cycle: 64.85 ° C Cooling Cooling Cooling No temperature derating element element element 2 Single gle side cool oled d cells lls: : Maximum JR (Jelly Roll) temperature during cycle: 81.85 ° C Temperature derating 3 Base coole led d cells ls: Maximum JR (Jelly Roll) temperature during cycle 123.96 ° C Risk of thermal runaway Therma mal Resistan tance ce [W/K]: W/K]: 3.0 3.7 5.7 Cooled Cell Surface [mm²]: 940 525 346
KREISEL ELECTRIC Safety level confirmed by thermal runaway tests 3 State of charge Cells Passed ✔ Nail test 100% 18650 NMC 811 high energy cell with 265Wh/kg ✔ Heating wire test 100% 18650 NMC 811 high energy cell with 265Wh/kg Module features Module energy density 2.7l/kWh and 4.1kg/kWh Yes , only one cell Cell propagation protection propagated Single cell protection Yes Degassing channel Yes Yes Non-combustible materials Yes Integrated module heat shield Arisen toxins (without cell) No
KREISEL ELECTRIC Modular design enables improved customization & 4 industrialization 20 module configurations 280 string configurations Variety of 21700 cell formats e.g. 100S 36P (360V 65kWh) 5Ah 100S 9P (360V 10kWh) 3Ah 180S 18P (650V 58 kWh) 5Ah 100S 18P (360V 32kWh) 5Ah 12S 36P (48V 8 kWh) 5Ah 100S 6P (360V 6,5kWh) 3Ah 36 3Ah 5Ah 180S 36P (650V 117kWh) 5Ah 50S 18P (180V 16,2kWh) 5Ah 18 18 High energy 100S 36P (360V 39kWh) 3Ah 180S 6P (650V 12kWh) 3Ah High performance 100S 9P (360V 9,7kWh) 3Ah 12S 36P (48V 7,7kWh) 5Ah 12 12 12 180S 6P (650V 11,5kWh) 3Ah 12S 18P (48V 3,9kWh) 5Ah 9 9 9 9 100S 6P (360V 6,5kWh) 3Ah 12S 9P (48V 1,9kWh) 5Ah 6 6 6 6 6 6 50S 18P (180V 16,2kWh) 5Ah 12S 6P (48V 1kWh) 5Ah 12S 36P (48V 7,7kWh) 5Ah 12S 36P (48V 5,1kWh) 3Ah Etc. Validation tion up to string g level l for platfor orm Fast time e to marke ket Low engineer eering/i g/inves vestmen tment t cost
KREISEL ELECTRIC Remarkable industrialization capabilities 4 Module le (Step p 1) String ing (Step p 2) Pack k (Step p 3) 100% automated Semi automated 100% tool parts Simple & inexpensive pack design Optimized synchronization
KREISEL ELECTRIC Robust and efficient production processes 4 Example: Laser welding process Laser
KREISEL ELECTRIC Solutions for an electrified world Agenda Kreisel Electric Applications
KREISEL ELECTRIC Solutions for an electrified world
KREISEL ELECTRIC Scenario ‘small batteries for BEV’ with sufficient thermal management Low cost battery for BEV High ranges are not an essential purchase criterion Advantages Mind change 80 kWh 50kWh Cost reduction up to 40% 250km range (instead of Still high power peak-level achievable, due to 400km) high C-rates of 6C Fast charging within 5-10min No loss in lifetime caused by higher C-rates (approx. 300kW, >6C) Lower weight Power charging infrastructure Lower installation space necessary 50min charge High energy cells Total distance 750km High performance cells 10min charge 10min charge
KREISEL ELECTRIC Fast charging applications for e.g. PHEV, E-boats, E-motorbikes, small urban vehicles (25kWh) Fast charging with 10C (21700 Power Cell) Lifetime measurements Cycle test still running (April 19) 0% - 80% SOC in 6 minutes possible with high power cells and thermal management Based on measurements
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