Smart Homes #1 Ubiquitous Computing Spring 2007 1
Readings At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges Keith Edwards and Rebecca Grinter Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home Debby Hindus et al. A Survey of Research on Context-Aware Homes Meyer and Rakotonirainy 2
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges an overview “Smart homes” better people’s lives with increased communication, awareness, and functionality However, there exist technical, social, and pragmatic challenges Raise awareness of existing domestic technology literature Increase the use of situated studies 3
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges the smart home is coming Technology is getting there: - Moore’s Law - Everything networked and wireless - Increased vendor focus - Proof of concepts exist: Aware Home @ Ga Tech But, there still exist some challenges! 4
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges the seven challenges The “accidentally” smart home Impromptu interoperability No systems administrator Designing for domestic use Social implications of aware home technologies Reliability Interference in the presence of ambiguity 5
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges the “accidentally” smart home Current “smart” environments are intentional More realistic that technology brought piecemeal into the house Even mundane examples, demonstrate big problems 6
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges the “accidentally” smart home Current “smart” environments are intentional More realistic that technology brought piecemeal into the house Even mundane examples, demonstrate big problems How do users debug their home? Is this simply “a design problem?” Solution is to provide affordances 7
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges the “accidentally” smart home When designing think of these questions: - What kinds of affordances do we need to make the system intelligible? - How can I tell my device is interacting ? - What are the boundaries of my smart home? - What are the potential configurations of my devices? - How can users be made aware of the entire houses ’ affordances ? - Where will the locus of interaction be in a system that isn’t in one place? - How do I control these devices and the whole system? 8
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges impromptu interoperability Ability to interconnect with little advance planning A priori agreement on syntax and semantics is needed 9
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges impromptu interoperability Ability to interconnect with little advance planning A priori agreement on syntax and semantics is needed Creating standards for all types of devices is not feasible New models of connectivity are required 10
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges no systems administrator Homeowners will need to be system administrators Appliance model: “application-centric” computing Utility model: “thin-client” solution 11
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges no systems administrator Homeowners will need to be system administrators Appliance model: “application-centric” computing Utility model: “thin-client” solution Why doesn’t plumber/electrician model work? 12
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges designing for domestic use Learning from the telephone Learning from the cell phone Learning from domestic technology studies - domestic technology use governed by rules of the house - television use indicated who “controlled” an area of the house - teenagers used individually owned technology to coordinate using a shared technology - teenagers used “quiet” technologies to avoid disrupting other’s routines 13
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges designing for domestic use Learning from the telephone Learning from the cell phone Learning from domestic technology studies - domestic technology use governed by rules of the house - television use indicated who “controlled” an area of the house - teenagers used individually owned technology to coordinate using a shared technology - teenagers used “quiet” technologies to avoid disrupting other’s routines Designers need to pay attention to the subtle house routines 14
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges social implications of aware home technologies Are domestic technologies labor saving? Introduction of technology into the home changes societal expectations Has the introduction of technology increased or shifted the amount of work you do? 15
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges social implications of aware home technologies Are domestic technologies labor saving? Introduction of technology into the home changes societal expectations Has the introduction of technology increased or shifted the amount of work you do? TV has changed “good parenting” to controlling what not if your child watches In Europe mobile phones teaches children about managing money and safely gives them increased independence 16
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges reliability Current domestic technology is pretty reliable Because of differences in: - Development culture - Technological approaches - Expectations of the market - Regulations 17
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges interference in the presence of ambiguity Current machine inference is kinda bad (e.g. Clippy) How smart does a smart home have to be? Is it better to not act or to act and be wrong? 18
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges interference in the presence of ambiguity Current machine inference is kinda bad (e.g. Clippy) How smart does a smart home have to be? Is it better to not act or to act and be wrong? Modes of intelligence: - Infer state of world through interpretation of sensor data - Infer existence of states by aggregating other contexts - Inter my intent based on its view of the state of the world - Preemptively act of the assumptions of my intent 19
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges interference in the presence of ambiguity Current machine inference is kinda bad (e.g. Clippy) How smart does a smart home have to be? Is it better to not act or to act and be wrong? Modes of intelligence: - Infer state of world through interpretation of sensor data - Infer existence of states by aggregating other contexts - Inter my intent based on its view of the state of the world - Preemptively act of the assumptions of my intent 19
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges interference in the presence of ambiguity Predictability is important - System’s expected behavior is known - System’s facilities for detecting or inferring this condition are known - Provision is made for the user to override the system’s behavior 20
At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges interference in the presence of ambiguity Predictability is important - System’s expected behavior is known - System’s facilities for detecting or inferring this condition are known - Provision is made for the user to override the system’s behavior How can we redesign the bluetooth speakers to be more predictable? 21
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home an overview Explore how media space concepts can be incorporated into households and family life Did prototypes, field studies, and consumer testing of design concepts Generated conclusions about designing household social communication devices 22
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home prototypes supporting household communication “Phatic” communication: a type of speech in which the ties of union are created and maintained by a mere exchange of words 23
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home prototypes supporting household communication “Phatic” communication: a type of speech in which the ties of union are created and maintained by a mere exchange of words CommuteBoard - handwritten notes and continuous audio-based activity sensing NeighborNet - activity sensing with a few discrete levels and optional video connection KitchenNet - connections ranging from none to telephonic to video 24
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home commuteboard Two users shared rides to work Supplanted the existing routine by using a shared whiteboard which displayed handwritten notes Audio sensors showed ambient noise at other home 25
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home early prototypes lessons Simple, ephemeral and expressive interactions are effective in homes Prototypes in the home require higher level of finish than in office due to safety and convenience concerns Video and audio are attractive, but require high speeds Synchronicity wasn’t totally necessary 26
Casablanca: Designing Social Communication Devices for the Home early prototypes lessons Simple, ephemeral and expressive interactions are effective in homes Prototypes in the home require higher level of finish than in office due to safety and convenience concerns Video and audio are attractive, but require high speeds Synchronicity wasn’t totally necessary What about the privacy concerns? 27
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