Slide 1 / 42 1 The gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the distance between the two objects. A the square of the distance between the two B objects. the product of the two objects. C the square of the product of the two objects. D Slide 2 / 42 2 Two objects attract each other gravitationally. If the distance between their centers is cut in half, the gravitational force is cut to one fourth. A is cut in half. B doubles. C quadruples D Slide 3 / 42 3 Two objects, with masses m 1 and m 2 , are originally a distance r apart. The magnitude of the gravitational force between them is F. The masses are changed to 2m 1 and 2m 2 , and the distance is changed to 4r. What is the magnitude of the new gravitational force? A F/16 F/4 B 16F C 4F D
Slide 4 / 42 4 As a rocket moves away from the Earth's surface, the rocket's weight increases. A decreases. B remains the same. C D depends on how fast it is moving. Slide 5 / 42 5 A hypothetical planet has a mass of half that of the Earth and a radius of twice that of the Earth. What is the acceleration due to gravity on the planet in terms of g, the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth? g A B g/2 g/4 C g/8 D Slide 6 / 42 6 Two planets have the same surface gravity, but planet B has twice the mass of planet A. If planet A has radius r, what is the radius of planet B? 0.707r A B r 1.41r C 4r D
Slide 7 / 42 7 Let the average orbital radius of a planet be r. Let the orbital period be T. What quantity is constant for all planets orbiting the Sun? T/R A T/R 2 B T 2 /R 3 C T 3 /R 2 D Slide 8 / 42 8 A planet is discovered to orbit around a star in the galaxy Andromeda, with the same orbital diameter as the Earth around our Sun. If that star has 4 times the mass of our Sun, what will the period of revolution of that new planet be, compared to the Earth's orbital period? one-fourth as much A one-half as much B C twice as much four times as much D Slide 9 / 42 9 The speed of Halley's Comet, while traveling in its elliptical orbit around the Sun, is constant. A increases as it nears the Sun. B decreases as it nears the Sun. C is zero at two points in the orbit. D
Slide 10 / 42 10 The hydrogen atom consists of a proton of mass 1.67 × 10 -27 kg and an orbiting electron of mass 9.11 × 10 -31 kg. In one of its orbits, the electron is 5.3 × 10 -11 m from the proton. What is the mutual attractive force between the electron and proton? 1.8 × 10 -47 N A 3.6 × 10 -47 N B 5.4 × 10 -47 N C 7.0 × 10 -47 N D Slide 11 / 42 11 The gravitational attractive force between two masses is F. If the masses are moved to half of their initial distance, what is the gravitational attractive force? 4F A 2F B F/2 C F/4 D Slide 12 / 42 12 A spherically symmetric planet has four times the Earth's mass and twice its radius. If a jar of peanut butter weighs 12 N on the surface of the Earth, how much would it weigh on the surface of this planet? 6.0 N A 12 N B 24 N C 36 N D
Slide 13 / 42 13 A satellite encircles Mars at a distance above its surface equal to 3 times the radius of Mars. The acceleration of gravity of the satellite, as compared to the acceleration of gravity on the surface of Mars, is zero. A the same. B one-third as much. C one-sixteenth as much. D Slide 14 / 42 14 A satellite is in a low circular orbit about the Earth (i.e., it just skims the surface of the Earth). What is the speed of the satellite? (The mean radius of the Earth is 6.38 × 10 6 m.) 5.9 km/s A 6.9 km/s B 7.9 km/s C 8.9 km/s D Slide 15 / 42 15 Two moons orbit a planet in nearly circular orbits. Moon A has orbital radius r, and moon B has orbital radius 4r. Moon A takes 20 days to complete one orbit. How long does it take moon B to complete an orbit? 20 days A 80 days B 160 days C 320 days D
Slide 16 / 42 The planet Jupiter is 7.78 × 10 11 m from the Sun. 16 How long does it take for Jupiter to orbit once about the Sun? (The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1.50 × 10 11 m.) 1 yr A B 3 yr 6 yr C 12 yr D Slide 17 / 42 17 What is the gravitational force acting on a 70 kg person standing on Earth due to the moon? The mass of the moon is 7.36 x 10 22 kg and the distance to the moon is 3.8 x 10 8 m. 0.24 N A 0.024 N B 0.0024 N C 0.00024 N D Slide 18 / 42 The mass of Earth's moon is 7.4 x 10 22 kg and its 18 mean radius is 1.75 x 10 3 km. What is the acceleration due to gravity at its surface? 2.8 x 10 6 m/s 2 A 9.8 m/s 2 B 1.6 m/s 2 C 0.80 N D
Slide 19 / 42 19 An astronaut goes out for a "space walk" at a distance above Earth's surface equal to the radius of Earth. What is her acceleration due to gravity? zero A g B g/2 C D g/4 Slide 20 / 42 20 The radius of Earth is R. At what distance above Earth's surface will the acceleration of gravity be 4.9 m/s 2 ? 0.41 R A B 0.50 R R C 1.41 R D Slide 21 / 42 21 At a distance of 14000 km from a planet's center g = 32 m/s 2 . What is g at a location which is 28000 km from the planet's center? 8 m/s 2 A 16 m/s 2 B 128 m/s 2 C cannot be determinded with this information D
Slide 22 / 42 22 An object weighs 432 N on the surface of Earth. At a height of 3R Earth above Earth's surface, what is its weight? 432 N A 48 N B 27 N C D 0 N Slide 23 / 42 23 By how many Newtons does the weight of a 100-kg person change in going from sea level to an altitude of 5000 m (R Earth = 6.4 x 106 m)? 0.73 N A B 1 N 0 N C 0.34 N D Slide 24 / 42 24 A spherically symmetric planet has a mass two times that of Earth and a radius that is twice Earth's. If a jar of peanut butter weight 12 N on the surface of Earth, what would it weigh on that planet? 6 N A 12 N B C 18 N 20 N D
Slide 25 / 42 25 The weight of a satellite on a planet's surface is W. Which is closest to the weight of the satellite when it's in orbit? 0.05 W A 0.10 W B 0.50 W C D 0.95 W 0 E Slide 26 / 42 26 A spacecraft is in a circular orbit with speed v and orbital radius R around a planet of mass M. What is its orbital velocity? GMR A (GM/R) 2 B (GM/R) 1/2 C (R/GM) 1/2 D (MR/G) 2 E Slide 27 / 42 27 Two satellites, X and Y, orbit the same planet at the same height. The orbital velocity of X is v, what is the orbital velocity of Y? v A 2v B v/2 C 4v D E v/1.4
Slide 28 / 42 28 Five different satellites orbit the same planet. The mass and orbital radius of each is given below. Which has the lowest speed? Mass Radius 1/2 m 1/2 R A B m 1/2 R m R C m 2R D 2m R E Slide 29 / 42 29 A student who weighs 500 N on Earth travels to a planet whose mass and radius are twice that of Earth. His weight on that planet is about 1000N A B 500 N 1500 N C 750 N D 250 N E Slide 30 / 42 30 Mars has 1/10 the mass of Earth and 1/2 its diameter. What is the surface gravity on Mars? g A 1/2 g B 2 g C 2/5 g D 1/10 g E
Slide 31 / 42 31 A satellite of mass M moves in a circular orbit of radius R with speed v. Which of these must be true for the satellite. I. The net force on it is MR/v 2 II. Its acceleration is GM/R II. Its orbital velocity is (GM/R) 1/2 l only A lll only B l and ll only C ll and lll only D E l, ll, and lll Slide 32 / 42 32 Spacecraft X has twice the mass of Spacecraft Y. They orbit Earth at the same radius. Which of these must be true. I. X feels a greater gravitational force than Y II. X travels twice as fast as Y II. X takes twice as long to complete an orbit l only A lll only B C l and ll only ll and lll only D l, ll, and lll E Slide 33 / 42 33 A planets mass can be determined if it is orbited by a small satellite by equating its gravitational and centripetal accelerations. Which of the below is not required to do this calculation? The mass of the satellite A B The radius of the satellite's orbit The period of the satellite's orbit C The universal gravitational constant, G D All of the above are required E
Slide 34 / 42 34 An astronaut inside the space station appears weightless. Which statement is true? The gravitational force on the astronaut is zero A The moon's gravitational pull cancels that of B Earth The astronaut is in free fall C D The astronaut loses about 95% of her weight In space, astronauts have no mass E Slide 35 / 42 35 Two planets have the same surface gravity, but planet X has twice the mass of Y. Planet X has radius r, what is the radius of Y? 0.707 r A B r 1.41 r C 4r D 2r E Slide 36 / 42 36 A planet has half the mass and radius of Earth. What is the acceleration due to gravity on the planet compared to g on Earth g A g/2 B g/4 C g/8 D E 2g
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