Silica Health Standard Subpart Z 29 CFR 1926.1153
Topics • Scope and Definitions • Specified & Alternative Exposure Controls • Respiratory Protection • Housekeeping • Written Exposure Control Plan • Medical Requirements • Communication of Hazard • Recordkeeping
Crystalline Silica
Health Effects • Silicosis ‒ Chronic ‒ Accelerated ‒ Acute • COPD ( Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema ) • Tuberculosis • Lung Cancer ‒ IARC, 1997 ‒ NTP, 2000 • Renal Disease
Scope & Application
Scope & Definitions • Scope ‒ Any Construction Task > Action Level • Definitions ‒ Action Level = 25 µg/m 3 ‒ Objective Data ‒ Competent Person
Exposure Limit • 29 CFR 1926.55 ‒ (Mineral Dust Table) 250 mppcf % Silica + 5
New Exposure Limits • At 100% SiO 2 , Current PEL is 238 µg/m 3 • Action Level (AL) = 25 µg/m 3 • Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) = 50 µg/m 3 • New PEL is a Reduction of ~ 80%
NIOSH (REL) REL = 50 µg/m 3 3/4 Teaspoon of Silica In The Volume Of A Football Field (64,000 yds 3 ) is 57 µg/m 3
Exposing Activities • Cutting • Grinding • Sawing • Drilling • Crushing • Abrasive Blasting • Road Building • Drywall Sanding
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Exposure Controls
Hierarchy of Controls • Engineering • Administrative/Work Practices • PPE
Engineering Controls
Engineering Controls • Substitution • Ventilation • Water
Substitution Abrasive Blasting • Steel Grit • Slag - “Black Beauty” • Glass Beads • Walnut Shells • Dry Ice
Ventilation
EZ-Drill
Paving
Water
Administrative Controls
Administrative Controls • Employee Rotation ‒ Time Limit for Exposure • Body Positioning • Medical Surveillance • Hygiene • Housekeeping
Personal Protective Equipment
PPE • Respirators • Eye Protection ‒ Safety Glasses ‒ Face Shield • Gloves
Respirators
Respiratory Protection • Must Comply With 29 CFR 1910.134 • Table 1 Specifies Respirators by Assigned Protection Factors (APFs) • Or, Alternative Exposure Control’s Air Monitoring Determines Respirator
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
LHSFNA http://www.lhsfna.org/index.cfm/controlling-silica-exposure/
Assigned Protection Factors = 25 = 10 = 10 = 50 = 1,000 OSHA = 50 NIOSH
Selection Exposure = APF Needed PEL
Eye Protection
Glasses & Goggles
Face Shields
Housekeeping
Housekeeping • No Dry Sweeping • No Dry Brushing • Unless These Are Not Feasible ‒ Wet Sweeping ‒ HEPA-Filtered Vacuuming ‒ Other Methods
Housekeeping • No Compressed Air ‒ To Clean Clothing ‒ To Clean Surfaces • Unless ‒ Compressed Air is Used in Conjunction With a Ventilation System That Effectively Captures the Dust Cloud Created by the Compressed Air ‒ Or, No Alternative Method is Feasible
http://www.clothescleaningsystems.com/
Exposure Control Plan
Exposure Control Two Options • Table 1, That Specifies: ‒ Engineering Control ‒ Work Practices ‒ Respirators by (APFs) • Alternative Exposure Control ‒ Air Monitoring Determines Respirator With Engineering and Work Practices Used ‒ Two Options: Performance & Scheduled
Exposure Assessment • Performance Option ‒ Assess the 8-Hour TWA Exposure for Each Employee on the Basis of Any Combination of Air Monitoring Data or Objective Data • Scheduled Monitoring Option ‒ 8-Hour Exposure Assessment ‒ Breathing Zone ‒ Representative #, Each Task, Each Area & Each Shift ‒ Highest Exposure (“Worst Case”)
Initial Exposure Assessment • < AL, No Further Monitoring • > AL but < PEL, Repeat in 6 Months • > PEL, Repeat Every 3 Months
Exposure Reassessment • Changes Reasonably Expected to Result in New or Additional Exposures > AL ‒ Production ‒ Process ‒ Control Equipment ‒ Personnel ‒ Work Practices • Any Reason to Believe That New or Additional Exposures > AL Have Occurred
Air Sampling • Method of Analysis ‒ Compliance with Appendix A • Employee Notification ‒ Within 5 Days After Exposure Assessment ‒ In Writing or Post in Area ‒ >PEL, Employer Describes Corrective Actions ‒ Observation of Monitoring • Methods of Compliance ‒ Engineering & Work Practice Controls ‒ Abrasive Blasting (29 CFR 1926.57)
Written Exposure Control Plan
Written Exposure Control Plan • Shall Include: ‒ Naming a Silica Competent Person • Frequent & Regular Inspections of Job Sites, Materials, & Equipment • Implement the Written Exposure Control Plan ‒ Description of Exposed Tasks
Written Exposure Control Plan • Shall Include: ‒ Description of Engineering Controls, Work Practices, & Respiratory Protection for Each Task ‒ Description of Housekeeping Measures ‒ Description of Procedures Used to Restrict Access to Work Areas, When Necessary, to Minimize the Number of Employees Exposed & Their Level of Exposure, Including Exposures Generated by Other Employers or Sole Proprietors
Written Exposure Control Plan • Employer Shall: ‒ Review & Evaluate Effectiveness at Least Annually & Update as Necessary ‒ Make Plan Readily Available for Examination & Copying
Medical Surveillance
Medical Surveillance • Use Respirator for 30 or More Days per Year • Initial ‒ Within 30 Days • Periodic ‒ Every 3 Years ‒ Unless, Within 3 Years from Previous Employer
Contents • Medical & Work History • Physical Exam • Chest X-Ray (B Reader) • PFT • Tb Evaluation • Any Other Tests PLHCP Requests
Tuberculosis Testing
Medical Surveillance • Provide to PLHCP ‒ Duties ‒ Exposure Levels ‒ PPE ‒ Previous Medical
Medical Surveillance • Written Medical Report (Employee) • Written Medical Opinion (Employer)
Communication of Hazard
Communication of Hazard • HAZCOM • Each Employee Can Demonstrate Knowledge and Understanding ‒ Health Hazards ‒ Specific Tasks ‒ Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and Respirators to be Used
Communication of Hazard • Each Employee Can Demonstrate Knowledge and Understanding ‒ Contents of This Section ‒ Identity of the Competent Person ‒ Purpose and a Description of the Medical Surveillance Program • Must Make a Copy of This Section Readily Available Without Cost to Each Employee Covered By This Section
Recordkeeping
Recordkeeping 29 CFR 1910.1020 • Exposure Data & Objective Data ‒ Maintained for 30 Years • Medical & Respirator Evaluations ‒ Maintained Duration Plus 30 Years
Recordkeeping 29 CFR 1904.4
Dates
Dates • Final Date ‒ March 24, 2016 • Effective ‒ June 23, 2016 • Implementation (Construction) ‒ June 23, 2017 • Methods of Sample Analysis ‒ June 23, 2018
Lawsuits • Industry ‒ National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association (NSSGA) ‒ NSSGA Partnered With Its Georgia Affiliate Filing in the 11 th Circuit in Georgia ‒ American Foundry Society and the National Association of Manufacturers Filing in the 5 th Circuit ‒ Other Industry Groups Had Filed Challenges in the 8 th & 10 th Circuits • Labor ‒ UAW, USWA, AFL-CIO Filing in the 3 rd Circuit ‒ North American Building Trades Unions Filing in D.C.
Resources • OSHA ‒ https://www.osha.gov/silica/ • Construction Safety Council ‒ http://www.buildsafe.org/ ‒ (708) 449-8600 • Politico Article ‒ http://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/03/the-regulation-that-took- four-decades-to-finalize-000078 • John Dimos, MS, CIH ‒ John@JohnDimosCIH.com ‒ (708) 217-8658
http://www.cpwr.com/ http://www.elcosh.org/document/1816/1120/d000658/guide1.html
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