Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: Science, Impacts and Action Prof. Dr. Mark G. Lawrence With contributions from Maheswar Rupakheti, Birgit Lode and Kathleen Mar Managing Scientific Director Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) http://www.iass-potsdam.de IGES Side Event, UNFCCC COP-21 Paris, France, 3 December 2015 Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 1

Regional Warming Strong regional warming in Asia, Significant impacts expected (e.g., monsoon rains) “OHC” = Ocean Heat Content 2 [IPCC, 2013]

Air Quality: A major challenge throughout Asia Beijing Air Pollution 2015 2015 2013 2009 Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 3

Air Quality: A major challenge throughout Asia Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 4

Health Impacts… Filter after one day of sampling at the SusKat-ABC Bode Supersite Courtesy: Jinsoo, Khadak, Dipesh, Bhogendra Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 5

Reduced Visibility due to Particulate Matter 28 Feb 2013 20 March 2013 View from Bode House , Kathmandu, SusKat*-ABC Field Campaign Supersite * Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley (IASS/ICIMOD + ~20 partners) 6

SLCPs: Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants • Aerosol Particles: Gases: • – Soot (incl. Black Carbon (“BC”)) – Methane (CH 4 ) – Organic Carbon – Ozone (O 3 ) – Sulfate (SO 4 2- ) – Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – Etc. – Etc. Roles • Act as air pollutants or pollutant precursors (except HFCs) • Responsible for significant climate-forcing (warming /cooling) • Relatively short-lived in the atmosphere (days to decades) Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 7

Mitigation Possibilities? è 16 Key Global Measures for CH 4 and BC Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 8 [UNEP, 2011]

9 Key Global Measures for Reducing BC Emissions è è Many are typical for (South) Asia! Remove mega-emitters / DPF Modern coke ovens Improved biomass stoves Cooking with clean fuel Improved brick kilns Pellet biomass heating stoves Coal briquettes replacing coal Reduce agricultural burning Reduce flaring 9 (Courtesy of J. Kuylenstierna, SEI/CCAC)

Clear Need for: • clean-solutions • grounded in sound science • tailored to local context è One Response: Pilot Studies (our example: Nepal) è Significant levels of pollution (Transformation needs), but… • Manageable size for potential interventions (Transformation potential) • à Collaboration with ICIMOD and over 20 other research institutions Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 10

SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley 4 Science-policy seminars on SLCPs 5 3 1 Decision makers - MoSTE 2 Private Sector Global/Regional Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 11 Initiatives

SusKat-ABC Field campaign sites (Dec 2012-June 2013) • 20 research groups (>40 scientists for ~6 months), over 150 instruments at over 20 ground sites • 2 nd largest international pollution measurements campaign ever in Southern Asia Jomsong • Special issue with 20-25 papers in progress Pyramid • Several follow-up campaigns (incl. exposure/health) Dhunchhe Pokhara Lumbini 12

Black Carbon (BC) in the Kathmandu Valley 35 Monsoon Winter Pre Monsoon 30 Post Monsoon BC concentration, µ g m-3 25 20 15 10 5 0 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 24:00 Time "HH: MM" Main sources of BC/PM: Traffic and road, brick factories, garbage burning, diesel gen-sets Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 13

SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley 4 Available on YouTube 5 3 1 2 Students and Fellows: Capacity building Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 14

Conc nclu lusions ns • Science has made a strong case that cannot be ignored: SLCPs are a significant threat to development in Asia • Need to continue advancing SLCP science in the region • Connect to local policy makers and other key stakeholders: especially showing benefits near where emissions are cut, plus extension to other regions through climatic and The Goal: Clean Air economic impacts for Asia! For more information: http://www.iass-potsdam.de/regional-focus-sustainable-atmosphere-kathmandu-valley Maheswar.Rupakheti@iass-potsdam.de Mark.Lawrence@iass-potsdam.de Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. 15