short circuit energy
play

SHORT CIRCUIT ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF A PULSE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 02, 2022 •340 likes •612 views

CWRF 2012 SHORT CIRCUIT ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF A PULSE STEP MODULATOR BASED HVPS CWRF 8. 11. May 2012 Andr Spichiger, Michael Bader, Marcel Frei SHORT CIRCUIT ENERGY Content Motivation: Why this topic? Tube

  1. CWRF 2012 SHORT CIRCUIT ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF A PULSE STEP MODULATOR BASED HVPS CWRF 8. – 11. May 2012 André Spichiger, Michael Bader, Marcel Frei

  2. SHORT CIRCUIT ENERGY Content Motivation: Why this topic? Tube Specifications How can the arc energy be measured or calculated HVPS Stored Energy Energy dissipation / arc energy Reduction of arc energy Inverse Voltage- System Summary 2 5/11/2012

  3. MOTIVATION Why this topic? Questions during bids and acceptance tests Increasing filter / ripple requirements  what are the limitations? Frequently discussed issue: Cable length between the supply and the tube Important for a safe tube operation To give an idea / feeling about the figures 3 5/11/2012

  4. SPECIFICATIONS What is the energy dissipated in a load (tube) arc? Arc energy specifications Usually in the region of 10..20 Joule 15 Joule corresponds to 15 bars of chocolate lifted 1m. 4 5/11/2012

  5. VERIFICATION 5 5/11/2012

  6. VERIFICATION Measuring the arc energy Simple test with a wire as proposed in tube Datasheets Using a real fuse I2t value Accurate Current measurement is possible (e.g. pearson coil, coaxial shunt) Accurate Arc Voltage measurement is not easy to do We proposal: Measuring the current and post-calculating the energy dissipation with a defined arc Model Calculating the arc energy Arc Model Proposal for vacuum tubes: Series connection of DC Voltage source 100V and Resistor 200mOhm. Simulations provide good basis for later verification System optimization can be easily done in simulations 6 5/11/2012

  7. BASIC MODEL 7 5/11/2012

  8. STORED ENERGY Basic model with a 2 – pole RLC filter network System parameter 35kV / 3.5A, a rather small system. ARC energy specifications 15 Joule Stored energy is much higher Parameter Value Stored Energy Filter Inductor 16 mH 0.1 Joule / 6 Joule 5 mH 0.03 Joule / 15 Joule Filter Capacitor 200nF 123 Joule High Voltage Power 60 modules 3420 Joule Supply 57 Joule / module Cable 100 pF / meter 0.06 Joule / meter 8 5/11/2012

  9. ENERGY DISSIPATION Where is the energy dissipated in case of a short? What happens with the stored energy in the filter QL QC? Simulation model parameters: Turn off delay 10 us Voltage drop in the diodes: 2V / Diode Short circuit model: 100V / 0.2 Ohm 9 5/11/2012

  10. SIMULATION MODEL FILTER LFilter 1 2 out 5m HV-Supply LOAD RFilter 2 200 ARC U5 D2 TOPEN = 100u Dbreak R10 R_ARC 1 10k 0.2 V6 V8 35000Vdc V_ARC 120Vdc 100Vdc R6 1 200n 0.72 IC = -35k ARC TCLOSE = 90u TTRAN = 0.1u 2 RCLOSED = 0.001 ROPEN = 1Meg 0 10 5/11/2012

  11. SIMULATION: 5 MH FILTER INDUCTANCE Discharge of filter cap 200A Inductance current 100A SEL>> 2A I(RFilter) I(ARC:1) I(LFilter) 4.0 2.0 0 51us 100us 150us 200us 250us 300us 350us 400us S(W(R_ARC)+W(V_ARC)) Time 11 5/11/2012

  12. SIMULATION: 5 MH FILTER INDUCTANCE 200A 100A SEL>> 0A I(RFilter) I(ARC:1) I(LFilter) 8.0 about 7 Joule 4.0 0 0.05ms 0.20ms 0.40ms 0.60ms 0.80ms 1.00ms 1.20ms 1.40ms 1.60ms 1.80ms S(W(R_ARC)+W(V_ARC)) Time 12 5/11/2012

  13. SIMULATION: 16 MH FILTER INDUCTANCE 150A 100A 50A SEL>> 0A I(RFilter) I(ARC:1) I(LFilter) 2.0 1.0 0 55.3us 80.0us 120.0us 160.0us 200.0us 240.0us 280.0us 320.0us 353.2us S(W(R_ARC)+W(V_ARC)) Time 13 5/11/2012

  14. SIMULATION: 16 MH FILTER INDUCTANCE 150A 100A 50A SEL>> 0A I(RFilter) I(ARC:1) I(LFilter) 4.0 about 3.3 Joule 2.0 0 0.053ms 0.200ms 0.400ms 0.600ms 0.800ms 1.000ms 1.200ms 1.400ms 1.600ms 1.800ms 1.996ms S(W(R_ARC)+W(V_ARC)) Time 14 5/11/2012

  15. SIMULATION: WITH CABLE 100 METER CABLE ADDED TO THE SIMULATION 705A big oscillation 400A 0A SEL>> -225A I(RFilter) I(ARC_Cab:1) I(LFilt_Cab) 2.0 1.0 0 80us 100us 120us 140us 160us 180us 200us 220us 240us 260us 280us 300us S(W(R_ARC_Cab)+W(V_ARC_cab)) Time 15 5/11/2012

  16. SIMULATION: WITH CABLE AND SNUBBER FILTER SNUBBER RSnubber LFilt_Cab T3 50 1 2 out_cab LOSSY LSnubber 16m 1 2 LEN = 100 100uH L = 250n 0 0 HV-Supply C = 100p G = 10p R = 0.1m 2 RFilt_Cab 200 LOAD ARC U4 D1 TOPEN = 100u Dbreak R_ARC_Cab 1 R8 0.2 10k V5 V4 35000Vdc V_ARC_Cab 120Vdc 100Vdc R4 1 200n 0.72 IC = -35k ARC_Cab TCLOSE = 90u TTRAN = 0.1u 2 RCLOSED = 0.001 ROPEN = 1Meg 0 16 5/11/2012

  17. SIMULATION: WITH CABLE AND SNUBBER 375A smaller peak, no oscillation 250A 125A SEL>> 0A I(RFilter) I(ARC_Cab:1) I(LFilt_Cab) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 80.0us 100.0us 120.0us 140.0us 160.0us 180.0us 200.0us 220.0us 240.0us 260.0us S(W(R_ARC_Cab)+W(V_ARC_cab)) Time 17 5/11/2012

  18. ENERGY DISSIPATION SUMMARY Where is the energy dissipated in case of a short? Filter Capacitor: Almost everything is dissipated in the filter resistor Filter Inductance: Before shutdown of the PSM the L is charged  Energy After PSM shutdown the energy is dissipated in the short and the diodes of the PSM Cable snubber are reducing oscillations and Arc Energy 18 5/11/2012

  19. OPTIMIZATION How can the energy be reduced, measures? Filter can be optimized according operating point. More complex filters instead a simple RLC network. Tradeoff: Filter vs. Energy Using Cable Snubbers for long cables Thomson patented Inverse voltage Operation Mode 19 5/11/2012

  20. KGP5: INVERSE VOLTAGE OPERATION Application example: KGP5 Test stand for Tubes 160 kV / 3.2 MW CW Higher power in pulsed mode 5 us Rise time Arc energy can be set between 2 Joule and 20 Joule This specifications required new solution: Inverse Voltage Operation Mode 20 5/11/2012

  21. KGP5: INVERSE VOLTAGE OPERATION Principle 21 5/11/2012

  22. KGP5: INVERSE VOLTAGE OPERATION Short Circuit Current Simulations Green: output current without inverse voltage operation Red: output current with inverse voltage operation 1.0KA 1.0KA 0.8KA 0.6KA 0.5KA 0.4KA 0.2KA 0A 0A -0.2KA -0.5KA 0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 0s 10us 20us 30us 40us 50us 60us 70us 80us 90us 100us i(v2) i(v2) Time Time 22 5/11/2012

  23. KGP5: INVERSE VOLTAGE OPERATION Short circuit Test on Tube teststand Adjustable arc energy 2 – 20J Main Issue with IVO was the 20J not the 2J  2Point Regulation implemented Top Trace: Vout = 102kV; Energy Setting = 2.5J Charge Measured 29mAs (2.9J @100V) Bottom Trace: Two point regulation until energy is reached 23 5/11/2012

  24. KGP5: INVERSE VOLTAGE OPERATION Two point regulation for a defined Q 24 5/11/2012

  25. SUMMARY Summary Bigger capacitors or inductors des not necessarily mean more energy in the arc. Considering the whole system is important! Degrees of freedom allow optimization  therefore it is important to know the real requirements. May be an iterative process together with the customer. Thomson’s Inverse Voltage Supplies can reduce the energy to a minimum. 25 5/11/2012

  26. THANK YOU

Recommend

Cormac Mc Carthy, Access Planning, EirGrid Liaison Group November 2013 EirGrid Short Circuit

Cormac Mc Carthy, Access Planning, EirGrid Liaison Group November 2013 EirGrid Short Circuit

Short Circuit Cormac Mc Carthy, Access Planning, EirGrid Liaison Group November 2013 EirGrid Short Circuit Review Can generators safely connect? Prioritise and sequence short circuit reinforcements Small generators, large lists of

622 views • 23 slides
NREL/NASA Internal Short-Circuit Instigator in Lithium Ion Cells JRC Lithium Ion Safety Workshop

NREL/NASA Internal Short-Circuit Instigator in Lithium Ion Cells JRC Lithium Ion Safety Workshop

NREL/NASA Internal Short-Circuit Instigator in Lithium Ion Cells JRC Lithium Ion Safety Workshop Petten, Netherlands March 8-9,2018 Matt Keyser, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Eric Darcy, NASA - JSC NREL is a national laboratory of

1.01k views • 33 slides
Circuit Topology & Open & Short circuits Kirchhoffs Laws Implied resistance for

Circuit Topology & Open & Short circuits Kirchhoffs Laws Implied resistance for

1/30/20 Class Concepts Understanding circuit topology Identifying nodes, branches & loops in circuits Circuit Topology & Open & Short circuits Kirchhoffs Laws Implied resistance for the branch V across & I

447 views • 7 slides
DEX 3 - 3.000 The Power Supplys aim is to test short circuit up to 3.000A in the rail and

DEX 3 - 3.000 The Power Supplys aim is to test short circuit up to 3.000A in the rail and

DEX 3 - 3.000 The Power Supplys aim is to test short circuit up to 3.000A in the rail and tram sector. In the following pages we are going to show you the devices building phases that consist in the assembly of rectify unit and the 6

557 views • 11 slides
Sixth Circuit 2-1 Ruling Addresses False Claims Act Materiality and Scienter Standards In Short The

Sixth Circuit 2-1 Ruling Addresses False Claims Act Materiality and Scienter Standards In Short The

Sixth Circuit 2-1 Ruling Addresses False Claims Act Materiality and Scienter Standards In Short The Decision: A divided Sixth Circuit panel held that allegations of submitting late-signed supporting documents to Medicare could plead False Claims

303 views • 5 slides
Analysis of the Evolution of the Stator Short-circuit and Rotor Bar Breakage Faults in a

Analysis of the Evolution of the Stator Short-circuit and Rotor Bar Breakage Faults in a

Analysis of the Evolution of the Stator Short-circuit and Rotor Bar Breakage Faults in a Squirrel- cage Induction Motor V. FIRETEANU and A. I. CONSTANTIN POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Vincent LECONTE and Patrick LOMBARD ALTAIR

849 views • 36 slides
Optimal Short-Circuit Resilient Formulas Ran Gelles Bar-Ilan University Mark Braverman Klim

Optimal Short-Circuit Resilient Formulas Ran Gelles Bar-Ilan University Mark Braverman Klim

Optimal Short-Circuit Resilient Formulas Ran Gelles Bar-Ilan University Mark Braverman Klim Efremenko Michael A. Yitayew Princeton University Ben-Gurion Univ. Princeton University 1 Motivation How to construct a circuit that computes

750 views • 35 slides
1 * What is a motor? Ask students for their ideas and suggestions. Answer: There are different

1 * What is a motor? Ask students for their ideas and suggestions. Answer: There are different

In the previous sessions, weve explored harnessing power to turn on lights and make buzzers sound, and looked at how energy can be transformed into different types. Weve learned that energy flows through a circuit when the circuit is closed

747 views • 17 slides
Synthesis of Clock Networks with a Mode Reconfigurable Topology and No Short Circuit Current

Synthesis of Clock Networks with a Mode Reconfigurable Topology and No Short Circuit Current

Synthesis of Clock Networks with a Mode Reconfigurable Topology and No Short Circuit Current Necati Necati Uysal, Juan Ariel Cabrera, Rickard Ewetz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida Outline

817 views • 26 slides
Compiler Construction Lecture 17: Code Generation III (Short-Circuit Evaluation & Static Data

Compiler Construction Lecture 17: Code Generation III (Short-Circuit Evaluation & Static Data

Compiler Construction Lecture 17: Code Generation III (Short-Circuit Evaluation & Static Data Structures) Winter Semester 2018/19 Thomas Noll Software Modeling and Verification Group RWTH Aachen University

944 views • 70 slides
1 Now we can split up that again into open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and fill

1 Now we can split up that again into open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and fill

MITOCW | 8. Toward a 1D Device Model, Part II: Material Fundamentals The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To

753 views • 27 slides
Low-Power RF Integrated Circuit Design Techniques for Short-Range Wireless Connectivity Marvin

Low-Power RF Integrated Circuit Design Techniques for Short-Range Wireless Connectivity Marvin

Low-Power RF Integrated Circuit Design Techniques for Short-Range Wireless Connectivity Marvin Onabajo Assistant Professor Analog and Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits (AMSIC) Research Laboratory Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

569 views • 28 slides
Influence of Single or Multiple Faults Short-circuit, Broken Rotor Bar and Eccentricity on the

Influence of Single or Multiple Faults Short-circuit, Broken Rotor Bar and Eccentricity on the

Influence of Single or Multiple Faults Short-circuit, Broken Rotor Bar and Eccentricity on the Torque and Rotor Force in Induction Motors V. FIRETEANU, A. I. CONSTANTIN POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest M. POPA University of Oradea,

427 views • 30 slides
Science Olympiad Circuit Lab Key Concepts Circuit Lab Overview Circuit Elements &

Science Olympiad Circuit Lab Key Concepts Circuit Lab Overview Circuit Elements &

Science Olympiad Circuit Lab Key Concepts Circuit Lab Overview Circuit Elements & Tools Basic Relationships (I, V, R, P) Resistor Network Configurations (Series & Parallel) Kirchhoffs Laws Examples Glossary of

106 views • 9 slides
automated canopy for power wheelchair users not designed for rain short circuit health and

automated canopy for power wheelchair users not designed for rain short circuit health and

automated canopy for power wheelchair users not designed for rain short circuit health and safety risks dexterity assistance par7cipa7ng member of the community canopy enclosure actuator canopy actuator enclosure canopy actuator

570 views • 28 slides
Energy-Efficient Circuit Design Kirk Pruhs with Antonios

Energy-Efficient Circuit Design Kirk Pruhs with Antonios

Energy-Efficient Circuit Design Kirk Pruhs with Antonios Antoniadis, Neal Barcelo, Michael Nugent, and Michele Scquizzato Moores Gap Moores Law:

760 views • 45 slides
Advanced Code Generation Parameter Passing Short-circuit boolean evaluation Arrays

Advanced Code Generation Parameter Passing Short-circuit boolean evaluation Arrays

Advanced Code Generation Parameter Passing Short-circuit boolean evaluation Arrays Classes Advanced Code Generation Parameter Passing Short-circuit boolean evaluation Arrays Classes Im away this

122 views • 8 slides
Zero-knowledge Arguments Proving circuit satisfaibility in zero-knowledge Zero-knowledge In

Zero-knowledge Arguments Proving circuit satisfaibility in zero-knowledge Zero-knowledge In

Short Pairing-based Non-interactive Zero-knowledge Arguments Proving circuit satisfaibility in zero-knowledge Zero-knowledge In a zero knowledge protocol a prover can convince a verifier that some statement is true without leaking any side

628 views • 14 slides
THE CIRCUIT PATTERN Slide 2- The Circuit Pattern Circuit training is the first stage of practical

THE CIRCUIT PATTERN Slide 2- The Circuit Pattern Circuit training is the first stage of practical

Noise Liaison Group PANLG Presentation on Circuits THE CIRCUIT PATTERN Slide 2- The Circuit Pattern Circuit training is the first stage of practical pilot training focused on take-offs and landings. It involves the pilot making approaches to the

649 views • 17 slides
Laplace Transforms Circuit Analysis Example 1: Circuit Analysis We can use the Laplace transform

Laplace Transforms Circuit Analysis Example 1: Circuit Analysis We can use the Laplace transform

Laplace Transforms Circuit Analysis Example 1: Circuit Analysis We can use the Laplace transform for circuit analysis if we can define Passive element equivalents the circuit behavior in terms of a linear ODE. Review of ECE 221 methods in

305 views • 12 slides
Sm Smar art Energy y Man anagement Circuit Breakers, Grid id of the future? Gary Myers

Sm Smar art Energy y Man anagement Circuit Breakers, Grid id of the future? Gary Myers

Sm Smar art Energy y Man anagement Circuit Breakers, Grid id of the future? Gary Myers Tri-State G&T Joseph E. Childs - Eaton Tri-State's mission is to provide our member systems a reliable, cost-based supply of electricity while

649 views • 16 slides
L1 Circuit Path Optimization One common use case for L1 circuit path optimization is that disjoint

L1 Circuit Path Optimization One common use case for L1 circuit path optimization is that disjoint

L1 Circuit Path Optimization One common use case for L1 circuit path optimization is that disjoint L1 circuit paths can ensure services are highly resilient when network failures occur. For example, this tool lets you route L1 circuit paths to

320 views • 4 slides
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit __________________________ ENERGY

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit __________________________ ENERGY

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit __________________________ ENERGY TRANSPORTATION GROUP, INC., Plaintiff-Cross Appellant, v. WILLIAM DEMANT HOLDING A/S, WDH INC., OTICON INC., OTICON A/S, BERNAFON AG, AND BERNAFON LLC,

444 views • 28 slides
Energy Efficient Com puting in Nanoscale CMOS Vivek De Intel Fellow Director of Circuit

Energy Efficient Com puting in Nanoscale CMOS Vivek De Intel Fellow Director of Circuit

Energy Efficient Com puting in Nanoscale CMOS Vivek De Intel Fellow Director of Circuit Technology Research Intel Labs I nternet of Everything ( I oE) 2 2 Moores Law scaling 3 Dynam ic platform control 4 4 Near Threshold Voltage (

597 views • 26 slides

More recommend