Shaping higher education fifty years after Robbins Tuesday 22 October 2013 London School of Economics and Political Science Shaw Library, 6th floor, Old Building, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE # LSERobbins The event is supported by The LSE Annual Fund
SHAPING HIGHER EDUCATION FIFTY YEARS AFTER ROBBINS Richard Yelland OECD LSE 22 October 2013
More people are participating in education than ever before Proportion of population with tertiary education, and difference in attainment between 25-34 and 55-64 year-olds (2011) Difference between the 25-34 and 55-64 year-old populations with tertiary education. Percentage points 60 Lower attainment; High attainment; catching up Increasing KOR 50 advantage OECD 40 30 JPN POL FRA IRL CHL ESP 20 LUX SVN BEL NOR PRT ISL OECD average UKM SWE SVK AUS NLD CAB CZE GRC NZL CHE ITA HUN 10 DNK TUR MEX FIN RUS AUS EST BRA USA GER ISR 0 Low attainment; High attainment; Getting further decreasing - 10 behind advantage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Proportion of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education Chart A1.3
100 20 40 60 80 0 % Australia increased by more than 20 percentage points Between 1995 and 2011, entry rates into university programmes Iceland Poland New Zealand Norway Slovenia United States Sweden Tertiary-type A (2000) Russian Federation Entry rates into tertiary-type A education (2000, 2011) Denmark Korea Finland Netherlands United Kingdom Slovak Republic Czech Republic OECD average EU21 average Argentina Israel Spain Saudi Arabia Austria Hungary Tertiary-type A (2011) Japan Ireland Italy Germany Chile Switzerland Estonia Greece France Turkey Mexico Chart C3.2 Belgium Luxembourg Indonesia China
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 % % Iceland years old The average graduate with a bachelor's degree is 27 Sweden Brazil Israel Finland Average age of graduates at ISCED 5A level and age distribution (2011) Denmark Chile Norway Czech… New Zealand Spain Tertiary-type A programmes (first degree) Austria Australia Portugal OECD average Germany EU21 average Switzerland Hungary Slovak… Italy Slovenia Poland Turkey Ireland Korea Canada Greece Estonia Netherlands Chart A3.1 Mexico Indonesia United…
One-quarter of spending on educational institutions is devoted to tertiary education Expenditure on educational institutions, from public and private sources, as a percentage of GDP (2010) Public expenditure on education institutions % of GDP Private expenditure on education institutions 3.0 Tertiary education OECD average (total 2.5 expenditure) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 United States Canada Korea Chile Finland Denmark Sweden Netherlands Norway Israel Australia Estonia Russian Federation New Zealand Ireland Japan Austria France Argentina Poland Portugal Belgium Mexico United Kingdom Spain Switzerland Slovenia Iceland Czech Republic Italy Slovak Republic Brazil Hungary Chart B2.2-2
In nearly all countries, expenditure per student rises with the level of education Expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, at various levels of education relative to primary education (2010) - Primary education = 100 Pre-primary education Secondary education Tertiary education Index 350 473 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Brazil Mexico United States France Finland Netherlands Chile Sweden Japan Ireland Switzerland Hungary Israel Czech Republic Spain Portugal Denmark Belgium OECD average United Kingdom Australia Argentina New Zealand Korea Norway Poland Austria Estonia Slovak Republic Italy Slovenia Iceland Chart B1.3
Between 2008 and 2010, only five countries cut public expenditure on educational institutions Index of change between 2008 and 2010 in expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, for all levels of education (2008=100, 2010 constant prices) Change in public expenditure on educational institutions Change in Gross Domestic Product Change in expenditure on education institutions as a percentage of GDP Index of change (2008=100) 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 Australia Slovak Republic Denmark Ireland Portugal Finland New Zealand Netherlands Japan United Kingdom Canada Czech Republic Slovenia Mexico Spain EU21 average Austria OECD average Norway Korea France Switzerland Sweden Estonia Belgium Israel United States Russian Federation Poland Iceland Italy Hungary Chile Chart B2.3-1
In some major countries expenditure per tertiary student did not always keep pace with increases in tertiary enrolment Change in expenditure per student by educational institutions (2005 = 100, 2010 constant prices ) Change in expenditure Change in the number of students (in full-time equivalents) Index of change (2005=100) Change in expenditure per student 180 Tertiary education 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Estonia Korea Poland Ireland Brazil Finland France Japan Italy Sweden Spain EU21 average Hungary Belgium Chile OECD average Czech Republic Portugal Mexico Slovenia Slovak Republic Denmark Netherlands Australia Norway Israel United Kingdom New Zealand United States Russian Federation Austria Iceland Switzerland Chart B1.6-2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 % Chile sources Spending on educational institutions from private United Kingdom Korea Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education Japan United States Australia Share of private expenditure on educational institutions (2010) Israel Canada1 Russian Federation New Zealand Italy OECD average Portugal Mexico Slovak Republic Poland Netherlands Estonia Argentina EU21 average Spain Czech Republic Ireland France Slovenia Austria Tertiary education Belgium Sweden Iceland Denmark Finland Chart B3.1 Norway Switzerland Luxembourg
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 % Chile United Kingdom increased from 24% in 2000 to 32% in 2010 The share of private expenditure on tertiary institutions Korea Share of private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions (2000, 2005 and 2010) Japan United States Australia Israel Canada Russian Federation New Zealand 2010 Italy EU21 average OECD average 2005 Portugal Mexico Slovak Republic Poland 2000 Netherlands Estonia Argentina Spain Czech Republic Ireland France Slovenia Austria Belgium Sweden Iceland Chart B3.3 Denmark Finland Norway
Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States together receive more than 50% of all foreign students worldwide. Percentage of all foreign tertiary students enrolled, by destination (2000, 2011) Other G20 and 2000 2000 2011 OECD 2011 non-OECD countries countries Market 25 share (%) 20 15 10 5 0 United States United Kingdom Germany France Australia Canada Federation Japan Spain South Africa China Italy New Zealand Austria Korea Switzerland Netherlands Belgium Other OECD Other G0 and Russian non-OECD Chart C4.3
Men with a tertiary degree will earn 62% more than those with only upper secondary education. Relative earnings of 25-64 year-old employed men, by educational attainment (2011) Tertiary-type A or advanced research programmes Tertiary-type B education Below upper secondary education Men Index 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Chile Brazil Hungary Slovenia Ireland Czech Republic United States Poland Slovak Republic France Israel Portugal Finland Germany EU21 average OECD average Austria Greece Luxembourg Canada Turkey Italy United Kingdom Switzerland Netherlands Australia Korea Estonia Denmark Spain Sweden Japan5 Belgium New Zealand Norway Chart A6.2 -1
Women with a tertiary degree will earn 61% more than those with only upper secondary education Relative earnings of 25-64 year-old employed women, by educational attainment (2011) Tertiary-type A or advanced research programmes Tertiary-type B education Below upper secondary education Women 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Chile Brazil Greece Ireland Slovenia United Kingdom Japan United States Hungary Canada Portugal OECD average Austria Slovak Republic EU21 average Spain Poland Korea Luxembourg Germany Israel Czech Republic Switzerland Netherlands Turkey Australia Finland France Belgium Estonia New Zealand Italy Norway Sweden Denmark Chart A6.2 -2
Acknowledgments and contact • Education at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators • http:/ / dx.doi.org/ 10/ 1787/ eag-2013-en • Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society Vol 1 (OECD 2008) • richard.yelland@oecd.org • @RichardJYelland
Shaping higher education fifty years after Robbins Tuesday 22 October 2013 London School of Economics and Political Science Shaw Library, 6th floor, Old Building, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE # LSERobbins The event is supported by The LSE Annual Fund
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