SESSION THREE
DEPOSIT RETURN SCHEMES: A LA PERSPECTIVE JOHN COATES GROUP MANAGER, NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE COUNCIL
Deposit Return Schemes (DRS) Local Authority perspective
What is DRS? • Return of a container (material) for a reward • 40 countries and 21 US states currently have a DRS • Typically, countries with a DRS for plastic bottles achieve recycling rates of approximately 80% – 95% • In Norway, a deposit of 1 Krone (approximately 10p) applied at Point of Sale (POS) • South Australia refund of 10C (approximately 6p) per plastic bottle or aluminium can
DRS design • Which materials will be captured • Design and operation of the collection point • How the resident receives their refund • How the collection points are serviced • Who is responsible for maintenance, repair and legal compliance (testing certification) • Universal provision across all LA or local discretion? • How the materials are recorded e.g. Wastedataflow • Who claims the recycling tonnage
Which materials will be captured in any system? • By construction material – plastic, metal, glass • By function – drinks containers • By size – 250ml, 330ml, 0.5ltr or larger • Exclusion for certain contents – milk, juice and concentrates, alcohol
Where will DRS be? • In transport hubs – trains, planes and auto buses? • In place of bring sites? • In high streets and retail parks? • At the HWRC / CA site? • In shops like the change refund machines? • Everywhere – wherever there is a litter bin now?
From these examples • Clear separation of glass from other material streams • Presumably to reflect sorting technology at next stage in the process • Glass contaminates other material streams (breaking, abrasive) but retains value if kept separated • UK – protection from theft or attack?
The arguments for • 2017 survey by YouGov showed that 73% of respondents to a survey were in favour of introducing a DRS in the UK • October 2017 Defra issued call for evidence • 80% of marine litter comes from land based sources due to poor waste management practices • Blue Planet II • Now frequently on local media especially those with coastlines • Plastic is in the public weltanschauung
The Government response • Defra March 2018 “the government has confirmed it will introduce a deposit return scheme in England for single use drinks containers (whether plastic, glass or metal), subject to consultation later this year” • Michael Gove: “This approach has already seen great success in other countries such as Denmark in curbing plastic pollution and we want to hear people’s ideas on how we could make it work in England.”
DRS LARAC policy position LARAC recommends that if a DRS system were introduced it should target ‘on the go’ and prioritise materials not universally collected at the kerbside and which are currently hard to recycle. A full impact analysis should be completed for any proposed DRS system with specific reference to impacts on local authority operations
This offers potential to help with the vast and expensive littering problem that local authorities are left to deal with and could include single use ‘on the go’ items such as coffee cups, cartons and smaller drinks containers being considered as a priority over larger beverage containers which are regularly collected at the kerbside
Tonnes 4,500 Glass Cans 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Recycling Income £90,000 £80,000 £70,000 £60,000 £50,000 Mixed cans Glass – clear £40,000 Glass – green Glass – brown Glass – mixed £30,000 £20,000 £10,000 £0 Start P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 -£10,000
Impact on LA’s? • Cans are “good earners” for LAs • Plastics support CV and moisture % of EfW contracts • Changes to CV and/or moisture could cause serious contractual problems • Are Government considering this impact and protecting LA’s?
Final thoughts • Do we want DRS because we want to increase recycling? • Do we want DRS because it will reduce litter? • We will we still have to collect litter for all the non-DRS items? • Will it reduce marine litter around the UK? • Will turtles still die on prime time TV?
Final final thoughts • Is DRS an extension of EPR? • What will the cost of DRS be? • Many schemes funded by cash addition at POS not being reclaimed • Is an alternative option to put that money directly into kerbside collected materials? • All will be revealed in ………….. “ RAWS: The Beginning ”
LARAC Website www.larac.org.uk
John Coates LARAC Executive Representative for Yorkshire & The Humber john.coates@northlincs.gov.uk
PLASTICS RECYCLING: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAS STUART FOSTER CEO, RECOUP
Waste Fight Against Plastics Plastics Recycling The Challenges and Opportunities For Local Authorities 28 th June 2018 www.recoup.org
Professor David Bellamy OBE, RECOUP Patron and Environmental Campaigner “Ensuring that this valuable Charitable Objectives a) To advance the education of resource is recycled is a key the public on the subject of recycling plastics so as to protect the environment part of developing a circular economy, improving resource b) To preserve and protect the physical and natural environment security, and achieving for the public benefit through the promotion of waste reduction and recycling of plastics environmental responsibility.” Our vision is to lead and inform the continued development of plastics recycling that is sustainable and protects resources
A European opean Str trat ategy egy for Plastics lastics in a Ci Circular cular Economy conomy • Aims at reducing the leakage of plastic in the environment by transforming the way products are designed, manufactured, used and recycled • Make better use of taxation and other economic instruments to reward the uptake of secondary plastics • Put in place well-designed EPR schemes, including introducing deposit return incentives, in particular for beverage containers • Raise the cost of landfilling and incineration and promote plastic recycling and prevention • Develop a global response to the increase in marine litter
Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment Source : https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/initiatives/com-2018-340_en
Legis egislatio lation n & Co Consultat nsultations ions - UK UK Policy y & Cons nsulta ltations tions • 25 Year Environment Plan - eradicate all avoidable plastic waste by 2042 • Producer Responsibility (PR) and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) • Single use plastics call for evidence – closed 18 th May • Developing plans for a deposit return scheme for consultation - later this year • Resources & Waste Strategy – later this year
UK Plastic Packaging Arisings and Recycling Data Plastic Packaging Arisings Total Rigid Film from UK (k tonnes) (k tonnes) (k tonnes) 2017 Plasflow report 46.2% recycling 1045kt recycled Consumer 1,534 1,119 414 Non Consumer 726 378 348 Total 2,260 1,497 763 2020 48% estimated recycling 1075kt recycled 2017 UK Pla lastic Pack ckaging Recycling Data Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2017 Total 2025 If 55% estimated Total Tonnes 261,008 250,646 274,588 258,120 1,044,362 recycling UK Tonnes 80,099 95,749 94,013 88,562 358,423 1,210kt recycled UK % 31% 38% 34% 34% 34%
Quarterly plastic PRN UK vs export 300 Total UK Tonnes 250 200 150 100 50 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Global Plastic Leakage Source : British Plastics Federation
EU 28 Plastic Waste Export Trends Ktonnes / Year Other Asia CanadaS Country 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Europe Malaysia 101 135 153 249 555 US China Japan Others 229 223 225 295 415 Vietnam 88 88 134 249 401 Africa & Middle East Hong Kong Turkey 29 19 33 126 315 India 160 139 127 108 173 Central & South America Indonesia 26 32 42 49 94 2004 TRADE FLOWS Australasia Hong Kong 906 770 765 409 177 10-50kt China 1731 1640 1636 1057 81 50-200kt 200-500kt 500+kt Source : Plastics Recyclers Europe https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Asia-Insight/China-s-scrap-plastic-ban-saddles-neighbors-with-piles-of-problems
Pack Recyclability Reviews
Sustainable Design Considerations RECYCLABILITY VALUE CHAIN LITTER IMPROVEMENT PREVENTION • Sealing Layers • Foil Laminates • • Sealing Layers Small Components • Plastic Laminates • • Foil Laminates Detachables • Labels • • Plastic Laminates Caps • Polymers • • Labels Rip strips • Colour • • Colour Single Use • Size • Sleeves • Adhesive • Polymers • Biodegradables • Compostables Incompatible with Likely to be littered Value is not maximised recycling or leaked into the or infrastructure does processes environment not exist
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