The Effect of Fitness and Exercise on Brain Function and Learning Webinar September 19,2016 Paul Zientarski Naperville, Illinois zcoach47@gmail.com Twitter @Paul Zientarski
2001 Grade 5 SAT 9 and Physical Fitness Scores Higher academic achievement is 80 71 SAT 9 Percentile associated with higher levels of 70 58 55 60 50 46 fitness in grade 5,7,9. 45 50 40 40 36 36 40 32 29 The relationship between academic 30 20 achievement and fitness in grade 10 0 5,7,9 was greater in mathematics 1 2 3 4 5 6 than in reading, particularly at high Number of Fitness Standards Achieved fitness levels . Reading Mathematics 2001 Grade 7 SAT 9 and Physical Fitness Scores Grade 9 SAT 9 and Physical Fitness Scores 66 70 80 60 67 SAT 9 Percentile SAT 9 Percentile 70 60 54 58 50 60 51 50 44 41 45 43 50 36 40 38 34 37 32 35 31 40 28 31 26 28 30 24 30 21 20 20 10 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Fitness Standards Achieved Number of Fitness Standards Achieved Reading Mathematics Reading Mathematics
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Figure 2 shows these same results using 2004 CST in mathematics scale scores Grade 5 Grade 7 Grade 9 370 361 360 358 350 350 346 342 340 CST Math Scale Score 336 334 330 330 330 324 322 322 320 319 317 316 315 310 308 308 300 300 300 294 290 280 1 0 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 Overall PFT Score
Researchers at West Virginia University evaluated the fitness levels and standardized academic test scores of 725 Grade 5 students in Wood County, West Virginia, and re-examined the results two years later when the children were in Grade 7.
The study found that academic performance dipped when the students' fitness declined and increased when fitness improved. Children with the highest average standardized test scores , which included reading, math, science and social studies, were the ones who were deemed fit at the start and end of the study.
What were the findings in the State of Texas? Most telling tests 2.47 Million for Students Academic Success tested Cardiovascular Fitness
2011 2.47 Million students tested CV Fitness Corresponds with Academic Performance when Schools Stratified by State Rating System CV 100 TAKS 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 y d e e r e l l a b b z l a a p i n t t m p p g e e e o c c x c c c e E A a R n U Texas Youth Fitness Study
Swedish Study Performed - study of all Swedish men born between 1950 on 1976--- who entered the MILITARY — At age 18 They had grades and test scores at 15 and test scores on entering military at 18. As well they had information on physical fitness at 15 and 18 and made their analyses. 270,000 were siblings 3100 were fraternal twins 1432 were identical twins The sample included a total of 1,221,727 men The finding was that higher IQ scores were found in those men with the better cardiovascular conditioning, even when comparing TWINS! TWINS!
2014 Study in Taiwan 400,000 Jr. Hi 9 th grade students for entrance exam for HS. Students who showed a moderate improvement in physical education scores (cardiovascular) — a 25 percent improvement or less — achieved best in the entrance exam with 276 points on average, while students with a significant decline in cardiovascular performance — of more than 25 percent — scored lowest in the exam with 260 points on average.
Is there any science or empirical evidence to substantiate these findings????
9 and 10 year olds students Higher Fit Lower Fit Easy Test Hard Test Slide Compliments of Dr. Chuck Hillman University of Illinois
9 I N M T O E N R T V H E N T I O N 221 8-9 year old students
Average composite of 20 student brains taking the same test Brains after sitting quietly Brains after 20 minute walk Research/Brain Scan Compliments of Dr. Chuck Hillman University of Illinois
Enhanced Academic Performance “ Consistent exercise, and certain types of specific exercises, can both temporarily and permanently affect the way your brain is able to focus, its ability to deal with stress and anxiety, and its ability to learn … “Exercise is like fertilizer for the brain … it’s so good, it’s like Miracle Gro” . - Dr. John Ratey, Harvard Brain Researcher
BD BDNF NF Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BDNF is a neurotrophin whose status as a regulator of the survival, growth & differentiation of neurons during development has matured to include the adult nervous system. BDNF functions to translate activity into synaptic & cognitive plasticity in the adult animal.
BD BDNF NF – Brai ain Deriv ived ed Neur urotr trophic ophic Fact actor or
A brain that's low on BDNF shuts itself off to new information, and groups that are deprived of this chemical are not as quick or sharp as those with adequate amounts. Until the mid-Nineties it was thought that the adult loss of nerve cells was irrevocable, but studies over the past decade have overturned that assumption, showing that "neurogenesis" (formation of nerve tissue) in some parts of the brain can be induced easily with exercise.
Brain Function Thought Process
Dopamine Reward Pleasure Motivation/Drive Appetite Attention Sex Aggression Mood Cognitive Function Serotonin Norepinepherine Obsessions Alertness Compulsions Concentration Anxiety Memory Energy Impulse Irritability
EXERCISE PREPARES THE MIND • Improves Impulse Control • Improves Behavior • Improves Attention • Decreases Restlessness • Improves Arousal - Lessens Fatigue • Improves Motivation
Exercise Prepares the Mind Continued • Helps Mood and Anxiety Regulation • Combats Depression • Improves Self-esteem • Reverses “Learned Helplessness” • Combats Toxic Effects of Stress Hormones
A Mind in Motion Tends to Stay in Motion
Attention Spans 5 to 7 Typical 5 year old minutes 15 to 18 Typical 13 year old minutes Typical Adult 20 to 25 minutes
ADD & ADHD Statistics • 1985 about 500,000 students diagnosed • 2008 5 to 7 million diagnosed • 2011 1 out of every 10 students diagnosed • Boys 3 times more likely to be diagnosed with the condition than girls • 75% boys with ADD have ADHD • 60% girls with ADD have ADHD • 65% of all students with ADHD have discipline problems Statistics from the Institute of Mental Health
Malpractice Occurrences More Time Needed for Academics Discipline Problem Didn’t Finish Their Work NO NO Recess PE
How have we used the Research? We collected data!
52-56% Better
93% Better
What does L.R.P.E. Look Like ? Based on Fitness Cardiovascular Intensity 155 -200bpm Cross Lateral Activities Core Strength Team Building Balance and Gymnastics Traditional Team Sports Academic Support While Exercising
IMPROVES BEHAVIOR Student Fitness and BMI Levels Correlate with Attendance and Disciplinary Incidents 0.6 0.52 Correlation coefficients 0.4 0.18 0.2 Fewer disciplinary incidents 0 Better attendance -0.2 -0.24 -0.4 -0.52 -0.6 Healthy fitness zone for cardiovascular health Healthy fitness zone for BMI Return on Investment: Better attendance = more kids learning Source: Welk G. Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Mass Index are Associated with Academic Achievement in Schools . Dallas, Texas: Cooper Institute, March 2009
Fitness Changes Academics and Behavior Anthony Elementary in Leavenworth, Kansas Edutopia (Dec/Jan 2006) In 2004 Anthony increased PE and PA from one to five days a week, revamped their school lunch program, and added vitamins to the daily menu. Anthony had three remarkable changes in one year: There was a 1300+% increase in those passing the fitness test. 1. They went from 10 th in Reading and 9 th in Math (in a district with 10 2. elementary schools) to 2 nd in Reading and 1 st in Math . 3. Office referrals for discipline were reduced from 438 to 18. Anthony Elementary in Leavenworth, KS In 2004 Anthony increased PE and PA from once to five days a week. They went from 10 th in Reading and 9 th in Math (in a district of 10 schools) to 2 nd in Reading and 1 st in Math. Their disciplinary office referrals dropped from 438 to 18. The number of students passing the Presidential Fitness Test increased by over 1300%. Reading Assessment YEAR UNSATISFACTORY ADVANCED EXEMPLARY 2002 25.9% 0% 7.4% 2003 25% 19.4% 8.3% 2004 11.1% 33.3% 18.5% Math Assessment YEAR UNSATISFACTORY ADVANCED EXEMPLARY 2002 40.5% 5.4% 2.7% 2003 27.3% 18.2% 3.0% 2004 0% 23.8% 47.6%
Cobb County Georgia
• Quality Physical Education brings value to the learning process • Quality Physical Education improves student behavior • Quality Physical Education improves student attendance • Quality Physical Education enhances the life of students Mentally, Physically, Emotionally, and Socially Thank you for attending this webinar!
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