Australasian Forest Genetics Conference BREEDING FOR WOOD QUALITY Session 1: Breeding and deployment strategies, and breeding objectives Hobart , 11 - 14 April, 2007 Selecting hybrid pine clone/s for deployment – the pointy end of breeding for wood quality. Kevin J. Harding, Terry R. Copley , Rodger F. Peters , Mark J. Dieters , Marks R. Nester, Murray G. Keys & Paul G. Toon Innovative Forest Products, Horticulture and Forestry Science, Dept. of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Townsville and Indooroopilly, QLD Forestry Plantations Queensland, Gympie School of Land and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Agriculture and Veterinary Science, University of Queensland FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Why Clonal Forestry? Look what we started with and where we’re heading ….. Natural grade (unimproved) Caribbean pine batch K60 (8.5 y.o) Vs Series I operational clone (4.5 y.o.) FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Clonal Forestry & Clonal Foresters – a good match for improved quality FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Series of Clonal Tests � Approx 5 years from field planting between test series � Each series planted over 3-4 years and multiple sites � Increasing genetic diversity Clonal Test Series Planted Clones Test Sites I 1986 250 2 II 1994-97 480 20 III 1999-2001 1200 14 IV 2003 - 1950 10 V 2008 ? approx.2000 FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Series IV Clonal Tests 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Field Tests M MA N C M 1950 Clones, 9 sites S P 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STP design, 3 replications. Stage 1 1730 Clones, 1site 5 tree line plots, 1 replicate. Sow CP Best 50 Series IV clones to Series V S P 1 2 be included in Series V tests seed in heated as controls. glasshouse Maintain clones in cool storage during field testing TC Ortet and ramet ortets micro-hedges Cool Storage Transfer all clones into tissue culture 6 ramets/clone Note: Production Restore hedges established Maintain clones in hedged production from tissue culture or archives during field testing hedges from hedged archives tissue culture as P Archive Hedges required ( 4 hedges/clone) S S S S Select top 20 Clones Q4 2008 Multiply using tissue culture or microcuttings P P P P S = Set cuttings P = Plant cuttings TC = Tissue culture Production Hedges A = Assess straightness, branching, wood properties in bark-windows, etc. Refine Selection of elite clones S S S S C = Core samples (density & microfibral angle) for deployment (10-15 clones) N =Non destructive sampling (acoustics) M = Measure diameter and height P P P P Planting Stock (10 - 15 Clones) M.J. Dieters & R. Peters 16-August-2004 FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Series III Clones – Final Selections Weighed up – Growth & propagation traits Vs Wood property traits Growth & propagation traits - Height &Volume % advantage (BLUPs) - Straightness score - % of Double Leaders & Ramicorns - Branch Angle and Branch Diameter - Cutting strike rates – early, mid and late season rates FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Series III Clones – Final Selections Wood property traits: - Average extracted basic density (EBD) - std Dev’n of EBD (within clone uniformity) - Average, maximum and trend for grain angle spirality - Estimated Stiffness (acoustic /stress wave velocity tests): Ensis PaddlePop samples Fibregen ST300 Silviscan evaluation (ADD & MfA) FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Standing tree NDE screening Standing Tree Density Spiral MfA Acoustic Predict MOE Sampling Method 1 Grain Velocity 12mm Cores (H&FS) Yes Yes Yes (with ST 300) Wood strip (Ensis) – “PaddlePop Yes Yes Yes stick” 12mm Cores (Ensis Silviscan) Yes Yes Yes Director ST 300 (FPQ) Yes Yes (with density from 12mm core) 1 H & FS = Horticulture and Forestry Science, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries; FPQ = Forestry Plantations Queensland . FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Series III Clones – Deployment Selections Screening Importance TRAIT Low Medium High Very high Vigour Strike rate Stem straightness Small branches Flat angled branches Low double leaders Low Ramicorn branches Low Spiral Grain angles SG Trend High EBD Std Dev'n EBD Estimated Stiffness FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
NDE Sampling .... ST300 and 12mm Increment core FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
3m Butt Logs FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Assessing taper & sawing FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Adjacent PaddlePot stick and increment core wounds FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Sample Sample Average of Average of size (No. of size (No. of Clone Code MOE (Gpa) MOR (Mpa) sticks) ramets) 1 5.65 34.84 16 3 Top 12 Vs Next 20 2 9.97 45.91 16 6 3 7.85 39.82 26 6 4 6.93 33.97 14 3 5 7.42 46.40 11 3 6 8.71 45.89 17 5 7 7.76 44.32 26 6 Sample 8 9.59 45.77 25 6 9 7.63 50.99 9 3 Average Average Sample size (No. 10 6.60 42.61 30 6 of MOE of MOR size (No. of of 11 8.96 47.00 18 6 12 6.90 42.69 15 3 (GPa) (MPa) sticks) ramets) Mean (Top 12 Mean clones) 7.83 43.35 Total: 223 56 (Top 12 13 7.23 38.30 16 3 14 5.93 38.82 19 3 clones) 7.83 43.35 Total: 223 56 15 6.69 42.05 13 3 Mean 16 7.50 39.84 12 3 17 6.52 39.58 14 3 (Clones 18 7.70 43.88 27 6 13 to 32) 6.69 41.37 Total: 335 80 19 8.14 45.81 6 3 20 8.04 49.54 8 3 21 6.83 43.64 21 6 22 7.52 46.77 11 3 MOE 17% MOR 4.8% higher 23 6.88 39.45 16 6 in Top 12 24 6.74 41.52 12 3 25 8.83 46.95 23 6 26 5.37 40.96 11 3 Some very vigorous &/or good 27 5.16 35.47 28 6 28 6.43 44.31 24 5 wood clones included to 29 6.91 40.93 16 3 compare sawn performance 30 6.29 44.44 17 3 31 5.97 39.99 15 3 32 5.32 35.20 26 6 Mean (Clones 13 to 32) 6.69 41.37 Total: 335 80 FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
ST 300 mean velocity Vs Board MOE Average MOE for all 70x35mm boards cut from 3m long butt logs Vs ST300 mean velocity 12.0 Average MOE of all 70x35mm recovery y = 3.6413x - 3.8011 10.0 2 = 0.7692 R 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 ST300 mean velocity FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
PaddlePop & Silviscan predicted MOE Vs average board MOE Average MOE for all 70x35mm recovery VS Paddle pop Average Predicted MOE (GPa) 14.0 y = 1.1835x - 0.6708 70x35mm recovery Average MOE of 12.0 R 2 = 0.7995 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Average MOE of 70x35mm recovery Vs Silviscan Paddle pop Predicted MOE Average Predicted MOE 12.0 70x35mm recovery y = 1.0152x + 0.3427 Average MOE of 10.0 2 = 0.7968 R 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Silviscan predicted MOE FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Correlations – twist & spiral grain Silviscan Average Spiral Silviscan Average PaddlePop Grain ST300 Mean Average Predicted Average (Absolute velocity MfA MOE MOE values) Average Twist 0.7 ** Average Spring Average Bow -0.51 ** 0.64 ** -0.58 ** -0.45 * Average MOE All Boards 0.88 ** -0.81 ** 0.89 ** 0.89 ** -0.42 * Average MOR All Boards 0.43 * -0.37 * 0.44 * 0.56 ** Average MOE OUTER Boards 0.84 ** -0.75 ** 0.84 ** 0.86 ** -0.38 * Average MOR OUTER Boards 0.43 * Average MOE Small Clears 0.90 ** -0.86 ** 0.89 ** 0.83 ** Average MOR Small Clears 0.50 ** -0.39 * 0.56 ** 0.52 ** FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
Density – Low and NS Correl’ns Silviscan Mean Average StdDev Predicted Silviscan Mean AdjEBD 12mm AdjEBD PaddlePop MOE Density Core 12mm Core Mean ADD Silviscan Mean Density Mean AdjEBD 12mmCore -0.01 NS 0.93 ** StdDev AdjEBD 12mmCore 0.21 NS -0.04 NS -0.1 NS PaddlePop Mean ADD -0.03 NS 0.86 ** 0.79 ** -0.02 NS Average MOE AllBoards 0.89 ** 0.07 NS 0.1 NS 0.14 NS 0.11 NS Average MOR AllBoards 0.44 * 0.11 NS 0.14 NS 0.28 NS 0.24 NS Average MOE OUTERBoards 0.84 ** 0.1 NS 0.1 NS 0.16 NS 0.16 NS Average MOR OUTERBoards 0.31 NS 0.03 NS 0.03 NS 0.38 * 0.12 NS Average MOE SmallClears 0.89 ** -0.13 NS -0.09 NS 0.21 NS -0.14 NS Average MOR SmallClears 0.56 ** 0.28 NS 0.22 NS 0.08 NS 0.19 NS FORESTRY Delivery – Horticulture PLANTATIONS & Forestry Science QUEENSLAND
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