Safety Management and Emergency Response in Mining Dr. Ashim K Sinha Dy. Director General SEZ, DGMS, Ranchi Directorate General of Mines Safety Designed by Medha Basu Presented by Lokesh K Ray C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Mining – A Hazardous Industry Worldwide 1% of World Employment 7% of Fatalities • 41% Fatalities due to Fire & Explosion But only 15.47% incidences • 25% Fatalities due to inundation But only 12.23% incidences • 26.35 % fatalities due to roof / side fall But 57.55% incidences C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 You may ponder over the ‘paradox’
Top OHS Concerns of the Indian Mining Industry as Gleaned from Recommendations of the 11 th National Safety Conference 2013 & Standing Committee of Safety in Coal Mines TIER I R&D Shortage of Training: Contractors: Occupational • Modern V.T. • Safety Statutory Work permit Health: • Union Reps. • • PME Budget M.P. Safety as KPI • Animation • • Noise Penalty for non- compliance Mapping • • Vibration SOP’s • Ergonomics TIER II Safety • Safety Management Audit Design System: • Electrical Unorg. • SMP Safety: Safety PPE: Sector: • • Planning Risk • Local test • Quality Mn, Asbestos, stage Assessment facilities Fatalities Fire Hazard: Mica: • • Techno- Emergency • Rising for high risk • Fire Risk encourage Response logy P&M Trend Rating associations Plan enabled C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 The mining industry is now talking the language of Modern OHS
Coal Mining – Some Interesting Facts Ref. Annual Report 2016 2017 MOC C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 Note that the death rate has levelled off at around 0.22 since 2000
Fatality rate in coal and non-coal mines per 1000 persons employed C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Coal Mining – More Statistics Ref. Annual Report 2016 2017 MOC C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 Note the jump in fatalities
Coal Mining – More Statistics C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
The Philosophy of Legislative Intervention Traditional OHS legislation has been prescriptive Reactive - Lags behind technology & the workplace Negative Philosophy – abide by the letter not the spirit Enforcement is wanting due to lack of inspectors Jan Oberholzer of Simtars worked out a system suited to Indian conditions Responsive Prescriptory Regime Deviations from SMP & Regulators audit based on Self Regulatory Regulatory violations C.O.P., Standards, Safety Core Pointed out. Management Plan. Improvements suggested C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Legislative Intervention Prescriptive Self-regulatory • Based on the act • Based on the act • • Driven by legislators Driven by the mines • Duty of care • Adherence to rules & regulations • Mines come up with most of the rules • Legislators frame the rules • Proof is required that where own • Proof is required that there routes taken that adequate diligence • was a non-conformance was shown • • Exemptions granted Legislation enable self-regulation C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Prescriptive legislation The Prescriptions may not be the best remedy – the man at the spot C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 knows better : Grassroot level participation
Self regulatory approach: The Philosophy of Local Consultation The Coal Mining Regulation has been amended & is due to be notified C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 shortly – Makes SMP a statutory requirement
Extent of Risk Reduction Required • ALARA - As Low As Reasonably Achievable or Degree of Practical Risk • What Would the Reasonable Man Do? Cost/Benefit Analysis ! • ALARA Best Practicable Technology Best Available Technology Zero Risk is Not Possible Uneconomic Cost Rs. C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
What is Achievable ? Zero Risk is Not Achievable Zero Disease Zero Incidents / Accidents Zero Lost Time Injuries Zero Fatalities C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 See through the prism of SMP
Development of Safety Management Plan (SMP) SMP is a strategy for management of OHS of the people who work at the mines: Development of site specific SMP is key to creating and maintaining • Addresses liability issues of the owner a healthy and safe work place by striving for Zero Harm • Instrument to demonstrate due diligence by management to maintain ‘Duty of Care’ • Implementation reduces impact & costs of work related injury & illness Recommended Format 1.Objective 2.Purpose 3.Known potential dangers. 4.Controls 5.Step by step task descriptions 6. Audit Role of Safety Committee is important for development of Safety C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 Management Plan – Involve all knowledgeable parties
The Legislative Groundwork for SMP New provisions added to the coal & metalliferrous mine regulations include inter alia: Duties & Responsibilities of mine owner: Duties of persons employed in consonance with ‘duty of care’ : Arrange for HIRA Take care of self And other persons Ensure safety at design stage Wear proper clothing Equip with P&M for safe & healthy operation Co-operate with employer for compliance Prepare Emergency Response Plan Training & retraining When engaging contractors, the owner, agent and manager need to ensure that: Owner, agent and manager have to: Provide same training to workmen & Ensure HIRA contracted workers Eliminate / minimize risks Ensure compliance with safety & health Provide PPE requirements Prepare auditable SMP They have the right to stop work if risk perception points to hazard. Makes suppliers of P&M responsible for declaring hazards Contractors are responsible for establishing communication with mine officials in order to: Identify hazards Report work related injuries Provide safety and health hazards awareness C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Development of a SMP 1. Mine Safety & Health Policy with a plan for its implementation 2. Organizational structure and resources for implementation of Mine Safety & Health Policy and SMP • Mine Manger as team leader • Safety officer • Colliery Engineer • Mechanical & Electrical Engineers • Workmen’s Inspector • Production Manager • Mining Engineers • In Charge OHS • Civil Engineer • In Charge Mine Surveying • Supervisors & workmen including operators & maintenance crew • Advisors from machine manufacturers, scientists, academics, regulators may be invited 3. Tools of Risk Management • Minutes of Safety Committee meeting; WI’s report; Safety Officer’s Inspection report • Contraventions, if any; Previous R. A’s ; Accident/Near Miss reports C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Development of a SMP • Hazard Identification: One way to zone in on High Risk areas is to identify locations where there are chances of sudden release of energy Hazards / Workplace Energies O.C. Mine UG Mine W.S./Store P&M Admin Treatment Gravitational Chemical Thermal Biomechanical Electrical Mechanical Pressure Radiation Work Env. • This matrix provides a broad view of the hazards that may exist in the Mine C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7
Development of a SMP – Risk Ranking Scale for Consequence Consequence Several dead 5 One dead 1 Significant chance of 0.3 fatality One permanent disability / 0.1 less chance of fatality Many lost time injuries 0.01 Risk Ranking sets One lost time injury 0.001 priorities for hazard Small injury 0.0001 control Scale for Probability Probability Scale for Exposure Exposure Several dead 10 Several dead 10 One dead 7 One dead 5 Significant chance of 3 Significant chance of 3 fatality fatality One permanent disability / 2 One permanent disability / 2.5 less chance of fatality less chance of fatality Many lost time injuries 1 Many lost time injuries 2 One lost time injury 0.5 One lost time injury 1.5 Small injury 0.1 C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 Small injury 0.50.02
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