Rob Crassweller 1976 Delicious trial first multi-state planting 1980 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rob Crassweller

1976 Delicious trial – first multi-state planting 1980 Delicious trial (10) – original MARK 1984 Delicious trial (11) – early CG series 1990 7 Variety x 4 Rootstock Trial 1993 Liberty CG semidwarf 1994 Gala M.9 clones (20) 1995 Ginger Gold (14) CG, V, B. 1996 B.9 vs. M.9T337 Gala & Ginger Gold 1999 Fuji &McIntosh semidwarf Supporter 4 1999 Fuji & McIntosh dwarf (5) Supporter 1-3

2003 Golden Delicious @HRF (18) B.9, B.10, G.41, G.16, G.935, G.210, J-TE-G, J-TE-H, JM.1, JM.2, JM.7, JM.8, M.26, M.9T337, M.9Pajam.2, PiAu.51-11, PiAu.51-4, PiAu.56-83 2006 Gala – Replant Disorder Trial @FREC (11) B.9, G.11, G.16, G.30, G.41, G.4210, G.935, M.26, M.7, M.9T337, M.9Pajam.2 2007 Gala Geneva Rootstock Trial @HRF (8) G.4210, G.41, G.65, G.210, G.935, O.3, B.491, M.9T337

2007 Fuji & Honeycrisp @FREC (8) G.2034, G.41, G.214 , G.5012, G.5087, G.890 , G.935, M.26. 2010 Fuji @HRF (30)* B.10, B.67-5-32, B.70-6-8, B.7-3-150, B.9, B.70-20- 20, CG.5222, G.11, G.202TC, G.935, M.26, M.9Pajam2, M.9T337, PiAU.51-11 B.64-194, B.71-22, B.7-20-21, CG.2034, CG.3001, CG.4003, CG.4004, CG.4013, G.214, CG.4814, CG.5087, G.202N, G.935TC, PiAu.9-90, Sup.3

B.9, G.41, G.935 Mark problems Differences in M.9 clones Spurred on new selections Increased rootstock breeding - Fire Blight Increased productivity/efficiency of orchards Increased interest in rootstocks and high density

1997 2002 M.9 – 20% M.9 – 35% B.9 – 1% B.9 – 17% Mark – 8% Mark – 2% Interstem – 3% Interstem – 2% M.26 – 30% M.26 – 21% M.7 – 25% M.7 – 15% MM 106 & 111 – 10% MM 106 & 111 – 7% Seedling – 2% Seedling – 0%

B.9 Mark problems Differences in M.9 clones Spurred on new selections Increased rootstock breeding - Fire Blight Increased productivity/efficiency of orchards Increased interest in rootstocks and high density Prevented $ losses in commercial orchards

Golden Delicious Tree Size, 9 th Leaf 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Rootstock 05 05-11 Tot. Yield, lb J-TE TE-G 248.0a B.9 276.9ab ab JM.2 288.6ab ab G.41 333.3abc PiAu 51-11 11 347.6abcd J-TE TE-H 350.7abcd JM.1 359.3abcd JM.8 362.8abcd M.9T337 367.4abcd M.26 369.4abcd B.10 385.3abcd G.16 392.2abcd G.935 393.0abcd M.9Pajam2 404.2 bcde JM.7 439.3 bcde PiAu 56-83 83 462.4 cde G.210 500.7 de de PiAu 51-4 555.0 e P-Value 0.0001

100 120 140 160 180 200 20 40 60 80 0 J-TE-G B.9 Efficiency versus Tree Size CG.3041 CG.5935 G.16 B.10 JM.7 Efficiency M.9T337 JM.1 M.9Pajam2 TCSA J-TE-H CG.6210 PiAu 51-11 M.26 JM.8 PiAu 51-4 PiAu 56-83 JM.2

M.9 Size M.26 Size B.10 CG.6210 G.16 PiAu 51-11 G.41 J-TE-H G.935 JM.7

Crimson Gala B.491 CG.4210 CG.6210 G.41 G.65 G.935 M.9T337 Ottawa 3

25.0 Tree Size of Gala as Measured by TCSA 18.7 e 18.8 e 19.8 e 20.0 16.5 de 15.0 12.6 cd 10.5 bc 10.0 5.5 a 7.0 ab 5.0 0.0

35.0 Efficiency versus Tree Size 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Efficiency TCSA

CG.2034 G.41 G.214 CG.5087 G.890 G.935 M.26 Data courtesy of Dr. Jim Schupp

Fuji Tree Size, 4 th Leaf 30.0 26.7 e 24.6 d 25.0 20.6 c 20.0 16.4 b 17.2 b 17.6 b 15.0 12.1a 12.7 a 10.0 5.0 0.0 Data courtesy of Dr. Jim Schupp

Efficiency versus Tree Size of Fuji, 4 th Leaf 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Efficiency TCSA Data courtesy of Dr. Jim Schupp

M.9 to M.26 size class WAA resistant Very resistant to fire blight Tolerant to replant disorder Tolerant to Phytophthora problems Productivity as good or better than M.9 Low suckering and burr knot problems Honeycrisp G.214 5 th Leaf

However, “ Mixup Delays Rootstock Production.” January 15, 2012 “…Geneva 214 (4214) found out to be G.222 at Willow Drive Nursery”

M7 to M.26 size WAA resistant Very resistant to fire blight Good cold hardiness Tolerant of Phytophthora problems Not resistant to replant disease complex • Productivity efficiency as good or better than M.7 • Interest in South Africa for this stock

M.7 size or slightly smaller tree WAA resistant Very resistant to fire blight Tolerant to replant disease complex Tolerant to Phytophthora problems Production efficiency similar to M.9T337 in PA Low to moderate suckering (?)

M.7 size tree Resistant to WAA Very resistant to fire blight Tolerant to replant disease complex Tolerant to Phytophthora problems Good cold hardiness Productivity as good or better than M.7 Low suckering and burr knots

M.7 to MM.106 Resistant to WAA Very resistant to fire blight Tolerant of replant disease complex Tolerant to Phytophthora problems Low suckering and burr knots

Tree Spacing Scion Vigor 2006 Trunk Cross-sectional Area, cm^2 Ginger Gold Gala Fuji V Axe @ 3 ft 33.3a 36.1a 45.0a Axe @ 6 ft 47.7 b 50.6 c 55.2a P - Value 0.0001 0.0007 0.0011

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