Unit OS9: Real-Time and Embedded Systems 9.3. Embedded Systems with Windows XP Embedded Windows Operating System Internals - by David A. Solomon and Mark E. Russinovich with Andreas Polze Roadmap for Section 9.3 Windows XP Embedded Design Goals Development Tool Support OS Configuration Process Overview XP Embedded vs. Windows CE XP Embedded Enabling Features 3 1
Windows XP Embedded Design Goals Binary Compatibility with Windows XP Rich Operating System Functionality Small Operating System Size Modular and Compact Embedded Enabling Features Development Tool Support 4 Binary Compatibility with Windows XP Windows API Support By including the proper components in a build, any application that can run on Windows XP can also run on Windows XP Embedded Windows Driver Model (WDM) Allows the use of existing Windows XP drivers on a Windows XP Embedded build Componentized XP Functionality Includes a database containing components Components contain all the necessary information required for the development tools to include their specific functionality into the operating system 5 2
Rich Operating System Functionality Features of Windows XP - built on Windows NT/2000/XP code base Protected Memory Model Scalable Memory / SMP Support Security Multimedia support Management Communications / Networking support 6 Small Operating System Size Kernel Baseline Configuration Kernel, No Network, No Explorer Shell ~5 MBytes of Disk Space Minlogin Networking Support, Shell ~15 MBytes of Disk Space (12MBytes NTFS compressed) Winlogon ~56 MBytes of Disk Space (37MBytes NTFS compressed) 7 3
Modular and Compact Componentized Windows XP Components created during development What is a component? The smallest individually selectable piece of functionality that can be included or excluded from a run-time image. 10,000+ Components in Component Database Example of Components: MatroxMillennium G400 (Display Adapter) Basic TCP/IP Networking (Networking and Communication) Explorer Shell (User Interface) Component Groups Display Adapters Network Protocols Network Adapters Tools and Utilities 8 Development Tool Support - Windows Embedded Studio Target Designer Builds custom operating system Component Designer Customize and expand the capabilities of the operating system Component Database Manager Provides management functions for the component database and the repositories Development Utilities Target Analyzer Used to discover target hardware BootPrep Used to prepare target media 9 4
Windows Embedded Studio Installation Options Supported Installation Scenarios Standalone User Install Tools Only Install Shared Component Database Install The complete product is contained in two separate installation packages 1. Tools Installation Package 2. Component Database Installation Package 10 Windows Embedded Studio Detecting Target Hardware TAP.exe Most functional Target Analyzer probe Runs only on Windows 2000 or XP Generates a small hardware definition file TA.exe Basic Target Analyzer probe Runs on MS DOS (via boot floppy disk) Generates a small hardware definition file 11 5
Windows Embedded Studio Component Designer Primary tool used to author custom components Generates a ‘Component Definition’ file (.SLD) Captures file, registry, and dependency information for a discrete set of functionality Importing of .INF files is supported for easy creation of driver components 12 Windows Embedded Studio Component Database Manager Provides functionality to allow management of the component collection Allows importing of .SLD files into the database (for Target Designer use) Management of Repository locations Management of Component Packages View complete database contents Change the Component Database Server name 13 6
Windows Embedded Studio Target Designer Target Designer is the tool used to build runtime images Generates a ‘Configuration’ file (.SLX) Import a hardware definition file Matches components in the database with PnP IDs found by TAP/TA and adds them to the configuration Disable non-critical devices in the configuration Can significantly reduce footprint by removing devices (and their associated dependencies) from the runtime image 14 Design Templates Project Starting Points Advanced Set Top Box Basic Set Top Box Digital Set Top Box Home Gateway Information Appliance Kiosk/Gaming Console Network Attached Storage Retail Point of Sale Terminal Windows Based Terminal Professional 15 7
Process Overview Target Analyzer Target Designer Base OS configuration Auto-generated Add Features to Add your components: Check Base OS Config Component Designer Dependencies � >10,000 individual � .SLD’s contain information for � Verify relationships, components component to “build itself”: add/delete components � Macro Components � Build order established Properties, Resources, etc. � Design Templates � Auto-conversion of .INF’s � Task Lists Build Process � Ensures components built in right order Runtime � Allows special case logic and OS fully scripted build process Image 16 XP Embedded vs. Windows CE 3.0 Feature Windows XP Windows CE 3.0 Embedded Disk Space 5MB -56MB 500 k –16MB API Support Full Windows API Best of Windows API plus CE Specific enhancements CPU Support x86 x86, MIPS, SHx, ARM, PPC Device Drivers 100% compatibility with Fine-tuned for size XP Professional derivative of NT Driver Real-Time Required 3rdParty Add- Yes Ons Development Tools Target Designer and Platform Builder / eMVT Component Designer / Visual Studio 17 8
XP Embedded - Target System Requirements Intel Pentium II or higher CPU required ACPI PnP BIOS recommended Storage Flash / DiskOnChip/ CD-ROM 5 MB Minimum (depends upon functionality) Memory Requirements 64 MB Minimum (depends upon functionality) 18 Application Development Utilize existing off-the-shelf applications Full Windows API support Little or no porting required Rapid application development Use familiar tools to write applications 19 9
Embedded Enabling Features Alternative Non-Volatile Boot Media CD-ROM, DiskOnChip, Flash Enhanced Write Filter Technology Allows the Windows XP Embedded operating system to boot from any read-only media Remote Management Facility that can be used to acknowledge system error dialogs without requiring user interaction Headless Operation Install, configure, maintain and run diagnostics on the system in a manner that does not require user intervention Custom Shell Allows the default shell to be replaced with another application 20 Headless Operation A system without Display, Keyboard, Mouse Null Driver required Must be supported by BIOS Replace user input from the console with another input method Operating system and Applications may still create message boxes Solution: System Message Interception Management Solution: Remote Administration Required Components: Headless VGA Driver -or- Terminal Services Core VGA Boot Driver Component 21 10
System Message Interception Acknowledges message box Selection of default reply Re-direct to Event Log Custom Application 22 System Message Interception (Continued) Intercept message boxes only Provided by User32.dll Requires proper registry settings Write a custom service to monitor all windows Build a Windows Service to scan desktop 23 11
Enhanced Write Filter Allows booting from read- only media Protects operating system partition Not necessary to redesign applications Enhanced Write Filter Overlays EWF redirects information from the disk to overlays If the information redirected to the overlay is later requested, it is obtained from the overlay instead of from the actual protected media Enhanced Write Filter Components 24 Overlay Options EWF can be configured by applying to multiple volumes, each of which may have multiple overlays Disk Overlay Using EWF Volume EWF Master Volume Table, Overlay stack and Overlay data are stored in the EWF volume After reboot information retained RAM Overlay Enables stateless operation –After reboot all changes lost Run without any read/write storage 25 12
Enhanced Write Filter Settings EWF Volume Settings Specify the number of protected volumes, the maximum number of overlay levels, the EWF partition size, and whether overlay configurations are stored in the system registry or in the EWF partition Protected Volume Settings Enable Lazy Write Optimal Performance Use less overlay space Use less overlay space & less writes 26 Bootable CD-ROM & Flash Media Bootable CD-ROM appears as a hard-drive Requires: A BIOS which supports the El Torito Spec. El Torito Component Enhanced Write Filter Component DiskOnChip Requires: “M-Systems DiskOnChip2000” Component CompactFlash TM , PCMCIA Flash cards, flash drives Appear as an ATA drive Requires no special components Enhanced Write Filter / FAT File System recommended 27 13
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