3 rd AAI Summit, Bangkok (Thailand) Hotel Novotel IMPACT ( Room Jupiter 6 ) Technical Session : Fuel Economy & Emission Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India INDIA Neelkanth V. Marathe Senior Deputy Director & Head Power Train Engineering Automotive Research Asso of India ARAI, Pune (India) 3 rd December 2014 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
PRESENTATION OUTLINE Quick statistics about India Need of Emission and Efficiency Road map Status of Emission norms : Road vehicles and Non-road vehicles Status of Fuel efficiency norms Efficiency labeling Air Quality Controls Alternate fuels Closing Remarks 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Quick statistics about India 1 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
THE INDIA India is the 7th largest country in the world covering an area of 3.5million square kms India has a population of 1.2 Billion. India is 3rd largest economies in the world by purchasing power parity. 30 percent of India population ( Census 2011) live in urban areas and the rate of urbanisation is growing steadily. The automobile population in India has increased from a mere 0.3 million in 1951 to more than 141 million in 2013. The growing cities have generated high levels of demand for travel by motor vehicles in the cities. The increasing in purchasing power of the individuals and easy loan from the banks to buy automobiles has resulted in tremendous increase in the population of automobiles in the cities. Due to higher income levels and greater needs for mobility in the urban areas, more automobiles are owned and operated by individuals. This trend is backed by the development of better quality road network connecting rural areas. 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
The Indian Auto Industry is harmonizing both Safety & Emission regulations with International Standards for sustained growth of the Industry for combating the environment and become a global export hub. • The Safety Regulations are being aligned with the ECE regulation and the Road Map prepared by SIAM envisages alignment by 2010. • In India, the vehicle population is growing at rate of over 5% per annum and today the vehicle population is approximately 40 million. The vehicle mix is also unique to India in that there is a very high proportion of two wheelers (76%). 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Ambient bient Air ir Pollution ollution in in India India Eighty per cent of Indian cities already violate the National Ambient Air Quality • Standards (NAAQS) for Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) concentrations. Concentration of oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) in Indian cities are close to the standards and are expected to exceed in future. Not just big cities, but many smaller cities are also critically polluted, with exceedance • levels1.5 times more than the norm for RSPM. Annua nual a air p pollut utan ant c conc ncen entration ons in I Indi dian c n cities ( (201 010) 0) with r h respec ect to p prescribed ed stand andar ards ds Sour ource: CPCB (2012 2012) 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Imp mpac acts Ambient air pollution has been identified as the fifth biggest cause of mortality in India. Fine particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust, has been linked with increasing risk of lung cancer (WHO 2012). Air pollutants such as Ground Level Ozone (GLO) which are formed by the reactions of precursors like NOX and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) caused an estimated loss of about 5.6 million tonnes in the yields of wheat, rice, cotton, and soybeans in India in 2005. This amounts to approximately USD 1.3 billion of economic loss ( Ghude et al ., 2014). Black carbon (a dominant part of the particulate matter from diesel engines exhausts) is now known to have the second highest radiative forcing (Bond et al ., 2013) . Growing air pollution has made the capital city of Delhi rate among the top polluted cities of the world. Transport sector is one of the prime contributors to air pollution in cities. 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
BAU scenario Status in Delhi (CPCB 2014), ICMR 2013), (GNCTD 2013) Energy Consumption in the road transport sector in India (MoRTH 2013), (TERI 2013) 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Share of domestic and export vehicles in India (SIAM 2013) Indian Automobile Industry Growth • Domestic growth : 12% • Export growth : 25% 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
PM and NOx emission reduction in different scenarios • An advancement to BS-V standards by 2020 (ALT-1) can result in significant emission benefits (46 per cent). • However, introduction of BS-VI emission standards (ALT-2 scenario) by 2020 which involve the use of advanced tail-pipe treatment devices can reduce the PM emissions to lowest possible levels. 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Composition of total number of registered vehicles in India Total number of registered vehicles in India Total number of registered vehicles Total number of registered vehicles – State & UT wise in Metro cities (1million plus) in India 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Absolute number of HDV was increased. Increase in LDVs was more. HDV composition reduced from 38 % (1951) to 10 Growth of HDV in % (2002) and further to 9% (2011). India (1951 – 2011) Increased competition among the road and rail mode for goods transportation. Resulted in increased pressure on existing road network - increase in growth of the different commercial vehicles and also average daily kilometers travelled HDV composition (2011) Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) - 40 % Heavy Commercial Vehicle (HCV) and Multi-Axle, Commercial Vehicles (MAV) ~45% Buses ~15 % Composition of HDV in India ( 2011) Change in composition in India – HDV vs LCV (1951 – 2011) 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
USA – 5000 billion VKT India - 930 billion VKT Vehicle kms travelled in selected countries (2007) Annual vehicle kilometers travelled by different vehicles 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Growth of Vehicle kms travelled at National Level (2002 – 2030) 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Growth of Vehicle kms by HDV and LDVs at National Level (2002 – 2030) 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
Need of Emission and Efficiency Road map 2 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
World Class Vehicle Emission and Fuel Efficiency Norms. WHY ?? Increasing air pollution has become a great health hazard and is responsible for increase in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the urban areas. The Government's policy of gradually withdrawing the subsidy on diesel may have only a marginal impact on GHG emissions as most of the diesel consumption is by commercial vehicles, where a switchover to any other form of fuel is not possible. The use of diesel by private cars and SUVs may reduce on account of the increasing consumer prices. It is, therefore, a need for stricter fuel emission norms in order to bring a drastic reduction in fuel usage and as well as air pollution. 3 rd AAI Summit, “Road Map of Fuel Efficiency and Emissions in India” Hotel Novotel Impact, Bangkok(Thailand) Neelkanth V. Marathe, ARAI (India) (3 rd -4 th Dec 2014)
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