Revitalizing Urban Streams Mee Kam NG and the research team The Chinese University of Hong Kong Contract research commissioned by Drainage Services Department
Disclaimer • Research results of a commissioned research • Views do not represent the Drainage Services Department 2
Contents • Review of existing international and Asian guidelines • Case studies • Suggested guidelines 3
Six Sets of Guidelines Reviewed Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 4
Engineering Techniques Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 5
Key Findings: • Most of the guidelines were prepared in response to deteriorating quality of water bodies negative impacts on sanitation and the riparian environment • Importance of maintaining a holistic and whole river basin Guidelines perspective Review • Balanced rehabilitation and revitalization of urban streams to restoring the aquatic ecology and riparian biodiversity, managing storm-water discharge and enhancing the aesthetic, Case recreational and accessibility of waterfront area Studies • A thorough understanding of a water body and its surrounding territories, their ecological value and functions to the surrounding communities. Proposed • Campaign to re-educate communities living around urban Guidelines streams to appreciate and protect them • Intra-governmental and between the government and the general public co-operation as early as possible Conclusion 6
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines 2005 Conclusion 7
Methodology • Literature review • Qualitative research: interviewed >30 stakeholders in 4 Guidelines Asian cities (Seoul, New Taipei City, Taoyuan County, Review Singapore, Shenzhen) • Interviewing local stakeholders including green groups, Case government officials, and consultants and engineers in Studies government commissioned projects • synthesizing all the research materials; and sharing in a seminar to collect feedback and criticisms Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 8
Key Observations • All case studies: historical urban rivers or drainage channels — generally heavily polluted • Vision: either by the government or the civil society Guidelines Review resulting in collaborative and creative planning and implementation mechanisms (among government departments and between government and civil Case society) Studies • A river basin or catchment approach to river revitalization • Water quality critical — top priority to sewage Proposed Guidelines interception or treatment Conclusion 9
Key Observations • Stream functions: – Ecology and biodiversity Guidelines – Drainage and flood prevention functions Review – Amenities • Themed sections of the revitalized streams Case • Widespread public or stakeholders engagement Studies • Taipei: Urban regeneration • Projects in Taipei and Seoul gentrification Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 10
Cheong Gye Cheon in Seoul Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines http://kampungboycitygal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/cheonggyecheon-seoul-english-map.jpg Conclusion 11
Cheong Gye Cheon in Seoul Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 12
Key Dates • 1937: Cheong Gye Cheon (CGC) was covered by concrete structure and in 1961, the stream was fully covered and worked as an arterial roadway Guidelines http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PLySrF5HevY/UDNr- EBr5dI/AAAAAAAAAeE/Nfsw_sHMXQg/s1600/Cheonggyecheon+%25284%2529.jpg Review • 1961-71: an elevated expressway was built • 1991: a casual chat between an Case engineering and a history professor Studies • 1998: a Korean novelist and professors advocated the idea • 2000: Informal research group on http://www.gardenvisit.com/blog/wp- Proposed content/uploads/2010/08/cheonggyecheon_elevated_expressway.jpg CGC by Prof. Noh Guidelines • 2002: CGC became Lee Myung Bak’s election issue • 2003: CGC Restoration Project began Conclusion • 2005: CGC Restoration Project completed 13 http://www39.homepage.villanova.edu/jong.lim/cheonggyecheon.jpg
Cheong Gye Cheon area • 60,000 enterprises • 220,000 merchants Guidelines • Population of street vendors: Review 3,000 • 2002: Merchant Committee Case • Basic principles: Studies – No cash payments – Indirect forms of financial support http://www.twip.org/photo/asia/korea-south/photo-2457-29-05-07- 08-16-08.jpg – Relocation of merchant businesses — planned and undertaken by Government Proposed Guidelines – Assistance to stimulate business activities — reducing merchants’ parking fee, improving loading and unloading parking system – Indirect funding — small business loans, debt relief, Conclusion facilities improvement 14
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 15
Objectives • Bring nature/ecosystem back to the heart of the city through restoring the intrinsic functions (water utilization, flood control, environment preservation…) Guidelines Review of the CGC • Restore cultural and historical heritage of downtown Seoul Case Studies • Remove the concrete roadway structure and the overpass due to safety and environmental concerns • Regional economic competitiveness: balanced Proposed Guidelines development between old and new and the natural environment • Hands-on eco experience to millions of citizens Conclusion 16
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion Combined sewage overflow box 17
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 18
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 19
Intensive Stakeholder Involvement • Started by a bunch of professors… • Before the project: a bridge design competition, a Guidelines design competition for students, photograph and Review slogan competitions, a marathon and walking tours… • “Saturday Open Discussions” led by Mayor Lee Case • Citizens’ Committee : Prof. Noh invited people via Studies Internet to join — over 136 members from different background joined (1/3 belonged to the research groups) Proposed Guidelines • 4,200 meetings of different kinds and scales, 2,304 specific field-survey visits, mass meetings with >2,500 participants Conclusion 20
Conflicts • Merchants: desired cash compensation Guidelines Review • NGOs: environment, heritage and culture Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 21
Key Lessons • Initiated by a group of scholars • A collaborative project between the people and the Guidelines Review government • Tripartite governance structure of the project Case • Room for improvement Studies – Comprehensive ecological restoration? – A longer term perspective in restoring heritage and culture? Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 22
Zhong Gang Main Drainage in New Tapei City Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines http://163.20.27.10/web/taiwan/taiwan2009/photo/pic186.jpg Conclusion 23
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 24
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Xinzhuang Second City Centre Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 26
Key Dates • 2006: completion of the initial planning for New Taipei City Zhong Guidelines http://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos- Gang Main Drainage Pollution Review ash4/p206x206/313487_244347032278868_655903501_n.jpg Alleviation and Riverine Environment Creation Project • 2007: Lee Hong Yuan (Deputy Case Studies County Head) chaired a cross- departmental unit County Affairs Implementation Unit http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- • 2008: Completion of design and YR5y0K3tJZ8/Tgbw0vFlVZI/AAAAAAAAARM/- Proposed xi_BI8ypb4/s1600/DSC02316.JPG planning Guidelines • 2009: trial operation • 2012: Completion Conclusion 27 http://www.topwin.com.tw/zgvision/photo/03-01-a002.jpg
Mode of Governance • The County Affairs Implementation Group (government officials from various departments) Guidelines • Chaired by County Deputy Review • Contractors monitored by Water Services Bureau (also responsible for daily operation and Case management) Studies • Activities: management and operation by relevant government departments Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 28
Goals and Objectives • Alleviate pollution problem Guidelines • Flood prevention Review • Improve the quality of life • Urban regeneration Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 29
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 30
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 31
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 32
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 33
Guidelines Review Case Studies Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 34
Stakeholder Involvement • County Affairs Implementation Group — inter- governmental group; also for communication between the government and the public Guidelines Review • NGO: OURS (The Organization of Urban Re-s), was hired to facilitated community planning • More than 100 activities: illustration meetings, Case seminars, workshops, opinion surveys, site visits, etc. Studies • A community newspaper Proposed Guidelines Conclusion 35
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