Responding to Horticulture Inquiries Field horsetail Weeds/Invasive - PDF document

5/3/2016 Responding to Horticulture Inquiries Field horsetail Weeds/Invasive plants (Marestail) Dutchman’s breeches battling garlic mustard • Winter annual in WI – In WI germinates in fall, overwinters – Can germinate in spring • South of WI Mark Renz • Glyphosate mrenz@wisc.edu resistance fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci What about winter? Mild Temps and ample snow = survival of • Perennials • Biennials Typical spring/summer Extended fall growing season • Winter annuals What species do well when we What about spring? have extended fall? • Perennial species that continue to grow until a • While variable, fairly typical spring….. hard freeze – Lawns: Creeping charlie – Pastures/grasslands: Canada thistle – Forests/natural areas: Buckthorn/honeysuckle • Biennials – Burdock, plumeless thistle, garlic mustard • Winter Annuals (if we get fall precip.) – Chickweed, field pennycress, Shepard's purse 1

5/3/2016 Turfgrass species can have an Weedometer impact on weed management • http://weedecology.wisc.edu/weedometer/ • Fine fescues will have less weeds issues than Kentucky bluegrass – Chewings and hard fine fescue varieties best E All things turf Herbicides remove weeds in turf • Can apply (PRE or POST), spray or granular • If poor environmental conditions/ mismanagement continues weeds will return • If improvements made the frequency of treatments can be significantly reduced if not eliminated. Turf Weed Management Cultural Management strategies in turf Management Strategies vary by weed species/life history • Promote a healthy and dense turfgrass stand 1. Annual weeds (knotweed, speedwell, crabgrass) – Sign of thin turf. Try to identify why weeds are • Weeds often appear due to gaps in the turf present and correct. – Either due to mismanagement – PRE herbicide: apply before germinate • Mowing too low, poor fertilization, excessive traffic – POST herbicide: apply when small – Poor environmental conditions • Water, Sunlight, temperature, etc…… 2. Perennial weeds (dandelions, quackgrass) • More information at the learning store – POST only, time to weed species • Fall is a great time for most species (but not all) – A3700, A3710, A2303, A3435 2

5/3/2016 Weed ID TOOL http://weedid.wisc.edu • 355 of the most Turf weed common weeds of Wisconsin entered management • Allows for selection questions? of known traits to reduce the potential weeds that fit this criteria Weed Identification Who am I? • Many resources available, pick the one that • I emerge early in spring fits your needs! • I am a perennial • Make sure source is reputable/trusted • I have alternate leaves • I am common in flower beds Resources UWEX will point you to • GENERAL RESOURCES – Weed ID Website: http://weedid.wisc.edu – Weeds of the Northeast (book) – Weeds of Ontario (book) • INVASIVE PLANTS – DNR NR40 Guide (field guide) – Invasive Plant videos (my website/YouTube) – Invasive plant factsheets (learning store/my website) 3

5/3/2016 Creeping Bellflower ID from Creeping bellflower roots Factsheet • Leaves: 1–3” long, alternate. Lower leaves have long purple petioles and are heart ‐ shaped. Upper leaves lack petioles (sessile) and are lance ‐ shaped. Leaves are hairy on the lower surface, particularly along midrib, and have a toothed margin. • Flowers: Late spring to fall. Individual flowers ascend along one side of the flowering stem (raceme). Flowers are 0.75–1.25” long, five ‐ lobed, blue ‐ purple, bell ‐ shaped, and slightly nodding. • Fruits and seeds: Round capsule, 0.3” in diameter that contains 50–150 seeds. • Roots: Rhizomes up to 6” deep with vertical storage roots. Readily regenerates from perennial tissue (rhizomes and perennial roots). • Similar species: Harebell ( Campanula rotundifolia , native) is distinguished by flowers borne in clusters and shorter stems (4–15” tall) that are not erect. The oval ‐ shaped lower leaves generally fall off as the plant matures. Invasive plants Factsheet and Video Japanese hedgeparsley • Factsheet has great control info: – Chemical/nonchemical control – Timings to apply management – Expected level of control • Other ID Resources – Video: Go to my website (fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci) or YouTube and search for creeping bellflower Why are perennials like creeping What is an invasive plant? bellflower so hard to control? • Have perennial tissue that allow them to • A non ‐ native plant that causes economic, resprout after management environmental impact to WI or harm to human health – STORED ENERGY • Manual removal recommendations: • We have an invasive species rule that regulates invasive species (NR:40) 1. Removed all perennial roots from top 6 inches • Use a pitchfork/screen to ensure all are removed – Updated (May 2015) 2. Scout area for new plants – Over 130 new plants added • for resprouting shoots (1 ‐ 2 years) • Seedlings germinating from seedbank (3 ‐ 5 years) 4

5/3/2016 Invasive Plant Resources UW Research Park • Some were planted, but clearly many • fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci: escaped cultivation – Links to videos, factsheets and other info • 119 plants were not planted (escaped) • www.ipaw.org: – State invasive plant organization • www.mipn.org: – Control database – Regional updates on spread/activities INFORMING CONSUMERS ABOUT BETTER SOME ornamental are invasive CHOICES Callery (Bradford) Pear Callery pear invading a natural SMART PHONE APPLICATION area adjacent to Research Park • Benefits • Reach more people • Provide more information than brochure • Product that’s with you at all times • Apple & Android versions now available 5

5/3/2016 HOW TO GET THE (FREE!) APP  iPhone and iPad:  Go to the App Store and search for “landscape alternatives”  Android:  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. bugwood.landscapealternatives  OR search for “Bugwood Android apps” in your web browser Invasive Plant Research in WI Phragmites • Creating models to predict spread of invasive plants in Wisconsin – Historical and future climate conditions • Models can help predict impact of species and guide regulations • Models can also help land managers with monitoring Phragmites 6

5/3/2016 Phragmites How models can help • Help prioritize what species to look for and control • EXAMPLE: Leafy spurge not well documents in west, but areas appear susceptible to invasion Drivers of Suitable Habitat ‐ How Can You Help Us? Parsnip • We need new observations in specific areas to improve our models – Many species with poor distribution/number of presence points Wild parsnip Japanese barberry Lonicera spp. Distance to Summer Percent tree cover roads precipitation Species in model development How can you provide observations? Number of Model Insufficient Common Name Scientific Name Presences Complete presence points Prohibited/Restricted Species (regulation varies depending on location in state) Wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris 47 x European marsh thistle Cirsium palustre 863 x • Upload via GLEDN app Poison hemlock Conium maculatum 83 x Reed mannagrass Glyceria maxima 96 x • Uploads to EDDMapS Bush honeysuckles Lonicera spp. 3106 x Phragmites Phragmites australis 5462 x Hedgeparsleys Torilis spp. 453 x • Provide to us directly Restricted Species Garlic mustard Allaria petiolata 2442 x Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii 419 x Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus 215 x Spotted knapweed Centaurea stoebe 5029 x Teasels Dipsacus spp. 1496 x Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata 98 x Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula 339 x Knotweeds Fallopia spp. 916 x Dame's rocket Hesperis matronalis 88 x Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria 1407 x Wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa 6906 x Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica 1029 x Glossy buckthorn Rhamnus frangula 675 x Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 172 x Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora 289 Crown vetch Securigera varia 728 x Tansy Tanacetum vulgare 4340 x Garden valerian Valeriana officinalis 480 x 7

5/3/2016 Training on how to use smartphones or Initial Predictive Map Suitable Habitat the website available Asian Bittersweet Visit http://fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn/videos/ Initial Predictive Map Suitable Habitat If Interested… Japanese Hedgeparsley • Please fill out the sign up sheet going around – Name, Email Address (phone, if desired) • Contact Niels Jorgensen with specific questions – njorgensen@wisc.edu – (608) 262 ‐ 9570 (office) Initial Predictive Map Suitable Habitat Initial Predictive Map Suitable Habitat Japanese Barberry Leafy Spurge 8

5/3/2016 If you provide your address and distance willing to travel…. 1. Provide you with a prioritized list of species to look for – Full sun – Forested 2. list of parks/natural areas within travel distance to visit 3. Map will include presence points already known • Fill out form and/or contact Niels Jorgensen with specific questions – njorgensen@wisc.edu – (608) 262 ‐ 9570 (office) WI First Detector Network http://fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn/ • Invasive species of high consequence to WI – Natural areas • 2016 training currently being offered (for free) • See website for topics (can view for free): – Invasion biology – Impacts of invasive species – Invasive species identification • Field training events this summer – contact asummers2@wisc.edu Thanks for listening! • Lots of information available – My website: http://fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci • Use resources to make informed decisions 9