CƠ SỞ XÂY DỰNG HỆ THỐNG ĐO ĐẠC, BÁO CÁO, THẨM ĐỊNH (CHO VIỆT NAM RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAs) IN VIETNAM Dr Luong Quang Huy Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change Office of the National Climate Change Committee Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Context 1. Climate change in Vietnam, 2. Greenhouse gas emission reduction options, 3. Strategic changes in responding to climate change, 4. Legal foundation to support NAMA development, 5. Plan of GHG emission management and management of carbon trading activities to the world market, 6. Priority areas of NAMA management and coordination, 7. Priorities to improve management and coordination 8. Some concluding remarks.
Climate change in Vietnam Overview Climate change will continue to negatively • affect Vietnam; Vietnam's key resources and economic sector • are highly vulnerable; Deltas and coastal areas are worst affected; • Red River Delta and Mekong Delta is • particularly vulnerable areas.
Climate change in Vietnam Climate change impacts in Vietnam – In the past 50 years, the average annual temperature has increased by about 0.5oC; – Increased rainfall in rainy season (May 5-11); – Large floods occurs more frequently in the Central and the South; – Reduced rainfall in dry season (May 7, 8); – Annual serious droughts in most areas of the country; – Climate change increases natural disasters, especially hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Risk of reversing achievement in poverty reduction, the Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development.
Climate change in Vietnam • Vietnam climate change scenarios (2012) – At the end of the 21st century, temperature may increase by 2.3 ° C compared to 1980-1999; – Temperature increases from 1.6 to 2.8 ° C; that of northern and north central increase faster than the south; – Winter temperatures may increase higher than summer temperatures. – Total rainfall in rainy season increase, rainfall during dry season tends to decrease in the South; – Precipitation may increase about 5% compared with 1980-1999; that of the North increase higher than the South. – Sea level rise of about 30 cm (2050) and 75cm (2100) compared to 1980 -1999.
Climate change and policy development United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol (KP) Vietnam signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change • (UNFCCC) on 11 June 1992 and ratified on 16 November 1994; Vietnam signed Kyoto Protocol (KP) on 03 December 1998 and ratified on 25 • September 2002. Vietnam has no obligation to reduce emissions, but the general obligations of • developing the National Communications, GHG inventory, develop mitigation options and adaptation measures... Agenda 21 of Vietnam (Vietnam Agenda 21) - August / 2004 has a number of • objectives related to the response to climate change
GHG emissions in 1994 and 2000 and 2010 Source: BUR1 (MONRE, 2014)
Estimated GHG emissions in 2010, 2020 and 2030. Source: BUR1 (MONRE, 2014)
Greenhouse gas emission reduction options Energy sector Options Code Emission reduction Incremental Emission potential cost* reduction cost* (million tCO 2 e) (US$ million) ($/tCO 2 ) Use high performance air E1 39,083 -68,868 -7,8 conditioning Converting to LPG in transport E2 4,726 -15,614 -10,9 sector Converting to ethanol in E3 12,265 70,497 19,2 transport sector Biomass thermopower to E4 57,343 69,390 4,8 replace coal-fired thermopower Development of small E5 55,741 -75,117 -4,7 hydropower Wind power instead of coal- E6 68,145 668,888 41,1 fired power Total 237,303
Greenhouse gas emission reduction options Agriculture sector Options Emission reduction Emission reduction potential cost (US$/ tonCO 2 e) (million tons CO 2 e) A1: Alternate wetting and drying irrigation, 1.47 76.3 System of Rice Intensification (AWD-SRI) A2: Re-using rice crop residues as composting 9.34 -59.1 products Total 10.81
Greenhouse gas emission reduction options LULUCF Options Emission reduction Emission potential reduction cost (million tCO 2 e) (US$/ tonCO 2 ) F1: Mixed planting of indigenous wood trees with 504.17 1.3 centralized method. F2: Zoning, regeneration of forest with planting of 151.29 1.6 native trees under forest canopy. F3: Community Forest Management under the 137.30 0.9 forestry socialization policy with planting of native trees planted under forest canopy Total 792.76
Greenhouse gas emission reduction options Energy sector Options Code Emission reduction Incremental Emission potential cost* reduction cost* (million tCO 2 e) (US$ million) ($/tCO 2 ) Use high performance air E1 39,083 -68,868 -7,8 conditioning Converting to LPG in transport E2 4,726 -15,614 -10,9 sector Converting to ethanol in E3 12,265 70,497 19,2 transport sector Biomass thermopower to E4 57,343 69,390 4,8 replace coal-fired thermopower Development of small E5 55,741 -75,117 -4,7 hydropower Wind power instead of coal- E6 68,145 668,888 41,1 fired power Total 237,303
Legal foundation at international level UNFCCC-COP decisions and negotiations • Bali Action Plan (BAP – COP13 - 2007): adopted NAMA in MRV manner – Copenhagen (COP15 - 2009) : NAMA narrowed down to developing countries – Cancun (COP16 – 2010) : need for further commitment based on CBDR-RC and – developing countries shall implement NAMAs with support (f, t, cb) from Annex 1. Durban (COP17 – 2011): 48 countries (now 50) submitted NAMAs (intention – only). Doha (COP18 – 2012): registry to be adopted, supports from Annex 1 to be – committed and increased, financial mechanism (GCF) to be operated. Warsaw (COP19-2013): Launch of NAMA registry, issue of NAMA guidance based – on countries’ experience, fine -tune of GCF mechanism to support NAMA development. Lima (COP20, 2014) : Developing countries agreed to craft Nationally Appropriate – Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) that are in line with their national development objectives. Through NAMAs, developing countries aim to reduce their emissions below business as usual by 2020.
Legal foundation in Vietnam National Climate Change Strategy (Decision 2139/QD-TTg) • “Consider low-carbon economy and green growth as principles in achieving – sustainable development; GHG emission reduction and removal to become a mandatory index in social and economic development”. National Green Growth Strategy (Decision 1393/QD-TTg ) • “Green growth, low -carbon economy, and enrichment of natural resources – become the mainstream of sustainable economic development; GHG emission reduction and sink enhancement become mandatory and important criteria for socio- economic development”. Plan of GHG emission management and management of carbon • trading activities to the world market (Decision 1775/QD-TTg) “Preparation of framework and action plans for NAMAs to be internationally – registered and widely implemented” “Development and operation of MRV system” –
Priority areas of works (visualisation) Actors / factors in NAMA management and coordination NAMA readiness Institutional Advisory GHG Inventory Framework Mechanism BAU formulation Monitoring Reporting Negotiation Verification National MRV Financial & Technical system support Crediting NAMA Training, Education & Pilot case studies capacity building
Current NAMA management and coordination NAMA in national policies
Current NAMA management and coordination Current NAMA management system NAMA Focal point / Registry / Guidance are under development
Current NAMA management and coordination NAMA management and coordination at global scale and in Vietnam Global scale Private sectors UNFCCC IPCC Financial institutions / mechanisms SBSTA SBI WG1 WG2 WG3 Bilateral/Multilateral Working groups cooperation NAMA Registry Vietnam Private sectors GoV/NCCC Provinces Banks, financial mechanism MONRE Ministries DONREs Departments Inter-sectoral Relevant agencies cooperation NAMA Registry / Focal point / Guidance
Current NAMA management and coordination NAMA management and coordination Research institutes Private sectors GoV/NCCC Third parties provide Banks, financial methodologies mechanism MONRE Ministries Authorised agencies Inter-sectoral Relevant agencies provide M&E and cooperation MRV NAMA Registry / Focal Requirements for point / Guidance Requirements for supports reporting, verifications and Line ministries provide sectoral guidance, Financial M&E M&E, MRV aids / supports / loans DONREs and other line departments provide appraisal and approval processes Provisions of M&E, MRV services Companies / Enterprises / Community groups develop NAMAs
Challenges and gaps in NAMA management and coordination Gaps analyses • – NAMA institutional framework have not been established and recommendations of specific policies at national and local level to develop, implement and manage NAMAs are developed and submitted to competent authorities for consideration; – NAMA reporting and verification (R&V) systems at national level have not been developed and operational; – Roadmap for implementation of NAMAs with quantitative reduction targets has not been developed and submitted to competent authorities for approval; – Communication and capacity building programmes on NAMAs for national and provincial practitioners are inadequate.
Recommend
More recommend
