World Meteorological Organization weather, climate and water WMO “ WATER AVAILABILITY ENHANCMENT PROJECT” Philippine National Workshop 1-4 March 2011, Manila, Philippines WMO Role and Activities in Hydrological Data Collection and Water Resources Assessment Bruce Stewart, Chief Division, Basic System in Hydrology Climate & Water Department (WMO) WMO: Climate and Water www.wmo.int
Presentation Structure HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES - WMO WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Definitions Needs & Requirements WMO contribution WHYCOS PROGRAMME Background & Objectives Development process & Projects Guidelines & Web Portal
Why are Hydrological Data and Water Resources Assessment so Important? • You Can't Manage What You Don't Measure • Unless you Measure you cannot tell how well you have managed
PART - I HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IN WMO
Role of WMO in the field of Role of WMO in the field of Hydrology and Water Resources Hydrology and Water Resources WMO Convention Art: 2(e): "to promote activities in operational hydrology and close co-operation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services" Hydrology and Water Resources Programme
Hydrology and Water Resources Programme Concentrates on promoting world-wide cooperation in evaluation of water resources and development of hydrological networks and services Concerned with the assessment of quantity and quality of water resources Standardization of all aspects of hydrological observations and organized transfer of hydrological techniques
Hydrology and Water Resources Programme Programme on Basic Systems in Hydrology (including WHYCOS) Programme on Hydrological Forecasting and Applications Programme on Capacity Building in Hydrology and Water Resources (including HOMS) Programme on Water-related Issues
PART - II HYDROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION
Quality Management Framework • Hydrological Standards and Regulations • Measurement Procedures • Standardisation of new Technological processes • Equipment calibration • Procedures for data processing • Safety considerations
Guide to Hydrological Practices and Technical Regulations
Guide to Hydrological Practices and Technical Regulations As a general principle, the Technical Regulations set out the standards of hydrological practices which NHSs should implement and the Guide to Hydrological Practices describes the methods needed to implement the recommended practices.
The Hydrological Information Referral Service INFOHYDRO Metadata base - does not contain or handle actual hydrological data; It is designed to facilitate dissemination of continually updated hydrological information; It was formally inaugurated in 1987 with the publication of the INFOHYDRO Manual; Efforts are made to update this database about every five years.
World Hydrologic Cycle Observation System WHYCOS is conceived as a tool for improving the collection, dissemination and use of high quality, standardized and consistent hydrological and related data at the national, river basin, regional and international levels.
PART - II WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Definitions Needs & Requirements WMO contribution
Definitions Water resources : Water available, or capable of being made available, for use in sufficient quantity and quality at a location and over a period of time appropriate for an identifiable demand Water resource assessment: Determination of the sources, extent, dependability and quality of water resources for their utilization and control (International Glossary of Hydrology, WMO-UNESCO)
Need for Water Resources Assessment (WRA) Growing concern for the environment and the concept of sustainable development Increasing pressure on the available world’s water resources, both in quantity and quality Expanding requirements for hydrological data, products and for the planning, management and protection of freshwater resources Water Resources Assessment
Need for Water Resources Assessment Freshwater resources are scarce and vulnerable Allocation among competing uses Ecologically sustainable development Need to account for economic and social development Need to account for perspective impacts of climate change
National Hydrological Services (NHSs) Water Resources Assessment Information for Water Managers Assessment of Water Related Hazards Hydrological Forecasting WRA Is National Responsibility First step for WRA is to assess the National Capability!
National capabilities for WRA Requirements Institutional Framework Manpower, education and training Data Infrastructure
Institutional Framework Administrative – legal framework Water policy and legislation Relation between various institutions concerned by WR Public – private relations Planning International cooperation Research
Manpower, Education and Training Staff level and motivation Formal educational curricula (high school and university) and non formal education (observers) In service training
WMO Data Exchange Policy Committed to broadening and enhancing, whenever possible, the free and unrestricted international exchange of hydrological data and products, in consonance with the requirements for WMO’s scientific and technical programmes
WMO resolutions 40 and 25 • Res. 40 (Cg-XII) 1995 - WMO policy and practice for the exchange of meteorological and related data and products. “Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well being of all the nations …” • Res 25 (Cg-XIII) 1999 - Exchange of hydrological data and products. “ Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis those hydrological data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well being of all the nations …”
WMO resolutions 40 and 25 Members should also provide: – Additional data and product for WMO programmes and projects and for the provision of other services; – Free and unrestricted access to data and products to the research and education communities; Members have the right to put conditions on the re-export, for commercial purposes of data and products;
Global Run off Data Centre (GRDC) The Global Data Runoff Centre (GRDC), established in 1988, operates under the auspices of WMO and is supported by, and located in, the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz, Germany. The principal objective of the Centre is to facilitate and optimize the information exchange of stream flow data world-wide. The GRDC database contains contributions from over 140 countries, and includes the data from hydrometric gauging stations located in various river basins. The quality and reliability of the contributed data is verified before entry into the database. The GRDC has the capability to provide interpreted hydrological information and does so for many organizations, such as those of the UN system, and for research projects. (http://www.wmo.ch/web/homs/grdchome.html) .
Water Resources Assessment Handbook for Review of National Capabilities. WMO /UNESCO initiative published in 1998 The Handbook is available in the six UN languages Available in WMO Home Page on the Internet. Series of Regional training of trainers Workshops were organized to introduce the methodology described in the handbook. National workshops were also organized Strong recommendation for developing another manual for assessing the resources WMO and UNESCO are working closely in developing « Manual on Water Resources Assessment »
PART - III WHYCOS PROGRAMME Background & Objectives Development process & Projects Guidelines & Web Portal
WHYCOS W or orld H ydr drologic ical C ycle O bs bserv rving S yste tem
(UNCED, 1992) At the global level, there is: “concern that at a time when more precise and reliable information is needed about water resources, Hydrological Services and related bodies are less able than before to provide this information, especially information on groundwater and water quality”.
THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE 1) Determining how much water is available at the scale where decisions are made 2) Determining how much water is used (e.g., by ecosystems, humans) 3) Providing better predictions of water supply 4) Evaluating options (e.g. conservation) and implementing policies and programs to achieve regional objectives
TO MEET THE CHALANGES Need for Credible Data credible data are required for analysis of potential change common criteria need to be adopted quality of data is an important aspect local expertise is required for screening Need for Capacity Building
WMO RESPONSE In response to the recommendation of Agenda 21 chapter 18 and the recommendations of UNDP/WB project on Hydrological Assessment for Sub- Saharan countries, and to meet the Management challenge, WMO developed the WHYCOS concept in 1993
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