Research Update Wednesday, December 6, 2017 Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Atlantic Grains Council Research Update Wednesday, December 6, 2017

Introduction • Presenters • Dave Bell, Bell Crop Services – Oats/Peas • Brian Craig & Harvey Cairns – Wheat/Winter Wheat • Misty Croney, LP Consulting – Barley/Soybeans • Statistical Analysis (wheat, winter wheat, barley) • Sherry Filmore – AAFC All results are not final and may change when final analysis is completed

OATS

Oat Sites =2017 =2016 =2015

Protocol – Oats Experiment • 15 Sites across NB and PEI • New Brunswick (4 sites in 2015; 5 sites in 2016; 3 sites in 2017) • PEI (1 site in 2015, 2016, & 2017) • 2x2 Experiment • Nitrogen treatments – 25 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha • Fungicide treatments vs. no fungicide • Minimum 1 acre plots

Results – Oats Experiment Average MT/acre by Treatment (15% MC) 2.50 2.00 Average MT/acre (15% MC) 1.50 1.00 1.95 1.74 1.74 1.61 0.50 n= 14 n= 14 n= 15 n= 15 - Fungicide No fungicide Treatment 25 kg/ha 50 kg/ha

Results – Oats Experiment Average Protein by Treatment (15% MC) 12.00 10.00 Average Protein (15% MC) 8.00 6.00 9.91 9.86 9.76 9.81 4.00 2.00 n= 12 n= 12 n= 13 n= 13 - Fungicide No fungicide Treatment 25 kg/ha 50 kg/ha * Note: Not all 2017 protein results available yet

Moving Forward – Oats • Other nutrients (e.g. timing K, S) • Source type of N fertilizer • Soil health (e.g. B, Cu, Ca) • Varieties • Matching market criteria (e.g. Quaker)

PEAS

Protocol – Peas Experiment • 9 Sites across NB and PEI • New Brunswick (3 sites in 2017) • PEI (6 sites in 2017) • First year of analysis • Yield data collected • Minimum 1 acre plots

Peas Experiment – NB Sites • Good size of trial 85+ acres each site • Potato rotation • Conventional tillage • Green peas var Raezor • Fertility: • 150 lbs pre-plant broadcast • 13.2- 21.9- 17.5- 5.3 S- .13 B • No starter fertilizer in the planter

Peas Experiment – NB Sites • Seeding: • 220 lbs seed per acre was recommended. • 230 g/1000 seeds = 433,858 seeds per acre • Seed was inoculated with Rhizobium sp. • Seeded at 3 to 5 cm (1.25” to 2”) • Rolled following seeding • Earliest fit date to plant; frost tolerance is very good • Herbicide: • 2 to 3 days after planting pre-emergent herbicide applied (Authority 480) • Disease Management: • White Mold (Sclerotinia) and Ascochyta

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Seeding date May 23 May 16 May 17 Final Plant Stand 404,258 410,275 478,121 Row Spacing 15” 6” 7”

Results – Peas Experiment Pea Yields in MT/acre @ 15% MC 2 1.8 1.6 Average MT/acre (15% MC) 1.4 1.2 1 1.90 0.8 1.38 0.6 1.07 0.4 0.2 n= 8 n= 3 n= 5 0 All plots NB PEI Location

Peas Experiment – NB Sites – Key Learnings • Plant carefully, plant population, herbicide directly after planting • Fungicide timing at 20 % bloom • Desiccate at maturity, time to harvest varies • Harvest losses can be high… be patient • Harvest days may be short, as the vines get tough in the late afternoon • Poor feeding will increase harvest loss • Plant as early as possible, frost tolerant • Crop stages come up fast…watch closely • Addition of a foliar boost at fungicide may be of benefit. • All sites were maintained at pH 6 to 6.5 • OM 4 to 6%

Wheat

Wheat Sites =2017 =2016 =2015

Protocol – Wheat Experiment • 18 Sites across New Brunswick and PEI • New Brunswick (2 sites in 2016) • PEI (5 sites in 2015; 6 sites in 2016; 5 sites in 2017) • Fungicide treatments • Prosaro 250 EC (324 ml/ac as per label) • Caramba (405 ml/ac as per label) • No fungicide • Minimum 1 acre plots

Results – Wheat Experiment Average MT/acre by Treatment (15% MC) 1.40 1.20 Average Yield – MT/acre (15% MC) 1.00 0.80 1.32 1.26 1.25 0.60 0.40 0.20 n= 15 n= 17 n= 18 - Prosaro Caramba No fungicide Treatment

Statistical Analysis – Wheat Experiment • Yield • No statistical difference between treatments

Results – Wheat Experiment Average Protein by Treatment (15% MC) 14.00 12.00 Average Protein % (15% MC) 10.00 8.00 12.71 12.18 6.00 11.99 4.00 2.00 n= 18 n= 15 n= 17 - Prosaro Caramba No fungicide Treatment

Statistical Analysis – Wheat Experiment • Protein • No statistical difference in protein between all treatments • No statistical difference in protein between no treatment and applying a treatment (prosaro/caramba)

Moving Forward – Wheat • Soil nutrients (e.g. B, Cu, Ca, pH) • Other nutrients (e.g. timing K, S) • Source type of N fertilizer • Timing of fertilizer application (N) • Varieties

Winter Wheat

Winter Wheat Sites =2017 =2016 =2015

Protocol – Winter Wheat Experiment • 8 sites across PEI (5 sites in 2016; 3 sites in 2017) • Early vs. late plantings • Minimum 1 acre plots

Results – Winter Wheat Experiment Average MT/acre by Treatment (15% MC) 2.5 2 Average MT/acre (15% MC) 1.5 2.22 2.20 1 0.5 n= 8 n= 8 0 Early Planting Late Planting Treatment

Statistical Analysis – Winter Wheat Experiment • Yield • No statistical difference in yield whether the winter wheat was planted early or late in the fall of the previous year

Results – Winter Wheat Experiment Average Protein by Treatment (15% MC) 12 10 Average Protein (15% MC) 8 6 9.75 9.45 4 2 n= 8 n= 8 0 Early Planting Late Planting Treatment

Statistical Analysis – Winter Wheat Experiment • Protein • No statistical difference between treatments • Protein was not statistically different whether the winter wheat was planted early or late in the fall

Winter Wheat Experiment #2 • A second experiment on winter wheat was conducted, where nitrogen was either applied in one application or a split application • Two plots in 2017 on PEI • Both plots showed higher yields in the split nitrogen application (compared to one application) • No statistical difference between treatments due to the low # of plots and large deviation between plots

Moving Forward – Winter Wheat • Soil nutrients (e.g. B, Cu, Ca, pH) • Other nutrients (e.g. timing K, S) • Source type of N fertilizer • Timing of fertilizer application (N) • Varieties • Potential tillering • Fungicide • Early, Late, Really late

BARLEY

Barley Sites =2017 =2016 =2015

Protocol – Barley Nitrogen Experiment • 25 sites across the Maritimes • New Brunswick (3 sites in 2015; 1 site in 2016, 1 site in 2017) • PEI (5 sites in 2015; 7 sites in 2016; 4 sites in 2017) • Nova Scotia (2 sites in 2016; 2 sites in 2017) • Nitrogen treatments – 30lbs/ac, 40lbs/ac, 50lbs/ac, 70lbs/ac, 80lbs/ac • Minimum 1 acre plots

Results – Barley Nitrogen Experiment Average MT/acre by Treatment (15% MC) 2.50 2.00 Average MT/acre (15% MC) 1.50 1.00 1.90 1.84 1.75 1.67 1.56 0.50 - 30 lbs/ac N 40 lbs/ac N 50 lbs/ac N 70 lbs/ac N 80 lbs/ac N Treatment n= 8 n= 14 n= 25 n= 25 n= 5

Statistical Analysis – Barley Experiment • Yield • Strong statistical linear trend on increased yield with increased nitrogen application • Economic impact of additional nitrogen

Results – Barley Nitrogen Experiment Average % Feed Protein (100% DM) by Treatment 14 12 Average % Feed Protein (100% DM) 10 8 12.71 6 11.83 11.48 11.11 11.09 4 2 0 30 lbs/ac N 40 lbs/ac N 50 lbs/ac N 70 lbs/ac N 80 lbs/ac N Treatment n= 14 n= 7 n= 23 n= 23 n= 5

Statistical Analysis – Barley Experiment • Feed Protein • Statistical linear difference between nitrogen applications • An increasing linear trend in protein and test weight with increased nitrogen application

Moving Forward • Fungicide & insecticide programs to increase yields • Other nutrients (e.g. K, S) • Source type of N fertilizer • Organic malt market • Soil health (e.g. pH, Ca) • Varieties

SOYBEANS

Soybean Sites* =2016 =2015 *24 sites in 2017 not yet included on map

Protocol – Soybean Seeding Experiment • 35 sites across the Maritimes • New Brunswick (5 sites in 2015; 2 sites in 2016, 5 sites in 2017) • PEI (5 sites in 2015; 6 sites in 2016; 4 sites in 2017) • Nova Scotia (3 sites in 2016; 5 sites in 2017) • Main seeding rates per acre: 130,000; 160,000; 190,000 • Minimum 1 acre plots

Protocol – Soybean Seeding Experiment • Initial results (statistical analysis not yet completed) • Following results based on seeding rate, not emergence • Consideration of economic impact

Soybean Seeding – Yield Results Average Yield by Treatment MT/acre (15% MC) 1.2 1 Average MT/acre !5% MC 0.8 0.6 1.04 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.86 0.4 0.81 0.2 0 Total PE NB NS Treatment by Province 130,000 seeds/ac 160,000 seeds/ac 190,000 seeds/ac