Republic of the Philippines Michael Kolacki Photo credit of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Republic of the Philippines Michael Kolacki Photo credit of (National Geographic, 2017)

Geography Archipelago consisting of 7107 islands 1 – East of Vietnam, South of Taiwan, North of Indonesia, Northwest of Malaysia, and Southeast of – China Nestled within the South China Sea (West), the Philippine Sea (East), the Sulu Sea (Southwest), and – the Celebes Sea (South) 4° 40 ′ - 21° 10 ′ N, 116°40 ′ - 126°34 ′ E ~300,000 sq. km. total, with ~298,000 – being land, and ~2,000 being water 1,2 ~36,289 km coastline 2 – Terrain varies depending on the island, – but most islands are mountainous with narrow to broad coastal lowlands 2 Highly volcanic region 2 – Taal and Mayon • 1. Image and info.: (National Geographic, 2017) 2. (CIA, 2017)

Geography (cont.) Capital – Manila • Population – Total – 104,256,076 • Distribution – Concentrated most heavily in the northwest, southcentral, • and southeastern regions of Luzon, as well as in the Visayan islands Natural Resources – Numerous minerals, including nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, and copper • Timber and Petroleum • Land Usage – 41% allocated for agriculture, 25.9% forested, 33.1% designated for – alternative uses (2011) 2. Information: (CIA, 2017) 3. Top Left Graphic: (Flood Map, 2014) 4. Bottom Right Graphic: (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016)

Politics Declaration of independence: – From Spain – June 12, 1898 – From US – July 4, 1946 – Form of Gorvenment: – Presidential Republic – has each of the three familiar branches – Executive: – Elections every 6 years for president and vice president – Elected independently via simple majority, popular vote – President – Rodrigo Duterte – Vice President – Leni Robredo – 2. All info.: (CIA, 2017)

Politics (cont.) Legislative: – Senate: – 24 seats, with members serving 6 year terms – Directly elected, majority vote – House of Representatives – 297 seats and 3 year terms, appointed in 2 ways: – 238 are directly elected by simple majority vote – 59 are proportionally elected by existing parties to represent political minorities – Judicial: – Supreme Court – 15 justices (one chief), each serving until the age of 70 – New justices appointed by president and special council – Numerous lower level courts, including Sandiganbayan, the Court of Appeals, and sharia courts – 2. All info.: (CIA, 2017)

Politics (cont.) Numerous Political Parties 2 : – Akbayon, Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP, Lakas ng EDSA-Christian – Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD, Liberal Party or LP, Nacionalista Party or NP, Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC, National Unity Party or NUP, PDP-Laban, People's Reform Party or PRP, Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine Masses) or PMP, United Nationalist Alliance or UNA Most prominent parties: – Liberal Party or LP, with 31.3% of seats in the senate, 41.7% of seats in the House, and the Vice President (35.1% of vote) – PDP-Laban, with the President (39% of vote) – President Duterte – Very strong stance on illegal drug use 5 – Believes that this in combination with crime and corruption have been the largest hindrances to lower – income households 2 Pledged to reduce the high poverty rate by attacking these issues – Degree of enforcement of international concern 5 – 2. (CIA, 2017) 5. (VICE News, 2016)

Economics GDP (PPP) 2 – $805.2 Billion USD with 6.8% growth rate (2016) – Agriculture – 9.7% – Tropical fruit/vegetables, rice, meats – Industry – 30.8% – Electronics and technology, food + beverage manufacturing, fuels and chemical products, textiles, minerals – Services – 59.5% – Education, tourism, transport and communications, hotels and restaurants, etc. 6 – Labor Force 2 – 43.19 million – Agriculture – 26.9% – Industry – 17.5% – Services – 55.6% – GDP Per Capita 2 – $7,700 USD – 21.6% below poverty line – Unemployment Rate 2 – 5.5% – 2. (CIA, 2017) 6. (PSA, 2017)

Economics (cont.) Imports – Major 5 partners include – China (17.3%), Japan (11.1%), US (8.4%), Thailand (7.3%), South Korea and Singapore (tie, 6.1%) – Primary imported products include – Electronics, fuel, plastic, grains, fabrics, machinery, iron/steel, chemicals – Exports – Major 5 partners include – Japan (20.8%), US (15.5%), Hong Kong (11.7%), China (11%), Singapore (6.6%) – Primary exported products include – Semiconductors and other electronics, processed food and beverages, seafood, bananas and other fruits, garments, – machinery, and chemicals Exchange Rate – 47.49 PHP / USD – 2. All info.: (CIA, 2017)

Religion As of 2015 6 … – 79.5% Roman Catholic – 6.0% Islam – 2.6% Iglesia ni Cristo – 2.4% Evangelical – 9.4% Other – Including alternate forms of Christianity, other religions altogether, a small, unspecified percentage, and those of no – religious affiliation 2 Heavy majority of Christianity – Derivative of the Spanish colonization in the 1500s, and Spanish rule until 1898 2 – 2. (CIA, 2017) 6. (PSA, 2017) 7. Image: (Wikipedia, 2017)

Culture Ethnic Groups – Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bisaya/Binisaya, Hiligaynon Ilonggo, Bikol, Waray, and many more 2 … – Spoken Languages – 187 listed languages – 2 official, 8 primary dialects 8 – Official – Filipino, English 2,8 – Major Dialects – Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan 2,8 – Very family and work centered culture 9 – Food plays a central role in celebrations, festivities, and get-togethers 9 – 2. (CIA, 2017) 8. (Ethnologue, 2017) 9. (Global Affairs Canada, 2017)

Culture (cont.) – Fiestas!! 9 Ati-Atihan – Kalibo, Aklan – Dinagyang – Iloilo City – Sinulog – Cebu City – 9. (Global Affairs Canada, 2017) 10. Top Right Image: (Philippine Primer, 2015) 11. Bottom Left Image: (CNN Philippines, 2016) 12. Bottom Right Image: (PhilStar, 2015)

Weather and Climate Data Available At… – Current weather: https://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=Philippines&hdf=1 – https://weatherph.org/ – – Archived Data https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/archive/republic-of-the- – philippines_philippines_9035709 https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate/climate-monitoring#temperature –

Annual Weather Patterns 17. Left Image: (Research Gate, 2009) 18. Right Image: (Panahon TV, 2014)

Hazardous Weather Patterns Considered to be one of the most disaster prone countries 19 – Common weather and weather related disasters include: – Floods – Droughts – Typhoons – Storm surges – Mudslides and landslides – Volcanoes – Earthquakes – At least 60% of land area vulnerable to hazards, and 74% of the population 20 – 19. (The World Bank Group, 2011) 20. (GFDRR, 2016)

Hazardous Weather Patterns – Typhoons – Typhoon season: June – December 19 – Affected by approximately 20 annually, with 8 or 9 making landfall 19 High winds, heavy rainfall, and subsequent flooding cause massive amounts of damage – – In 2009 alone 19 … ~$4B USD in damage from typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng alone – 736,000 people displaced and 36,728 hectares of rice fields and other valuable commercial – crops destroyed in central Luzon by tropical storm Ketsana Loss of crops led to large spike in local food prices – Combination of more expensive food and loss of housing for a nation with ~21.6% below – poverty line… Not good – Category 5 storms in 2012 and 2013 EACH with winds in excess of 250 kph (155 mph) 20 19. (The World Bank Group, 2011) 20. (GFDRR, 2016)

Hazardous Weather Patterns – Typhoons (cont.) And then there was super typhoon Yolonda (Haiyan) – Nov. 8, 2013 – Most powerful tropical cyclone to make landfall ever – recorded Sustained winds estimated at 315 kph (195 mph) – Nov. 14, 2013 – already 2300 people confirmed dead – (Katrina – 1833) 21. Left image and info.: (NASA, 2013) 22. Right GIF: (NOAA, 2013)

Floods, Mudslides, Landslides and Droughts – Floods – Common with periods of prolonged rainfall, attributed to typhoons and tropical depressions – Excessive rainfall loosens soil, making it unstable on steep slopes – Unstable, loose soil lends way to mudslides and landslides capable of causing severe damage – to those within the vicinity This is intensified due to logging on the very same slopes – – Droughts – Major droughts correlate with El Nino years, and can lead to crop failures, drying out of – fishponds, forest fires, water shortages, soil degradation, and salinized drinking water Also can impact agriculture and industry – 6.6% drop in crop productivity and 9.5% drop in construction and construction related manufacturing – during droughts of 1997-1998 19. (The World Bank Group, 2011)