RELAMPA PAGO Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, An nd Meso-scale/micro-scale Processes with Adaptive ive Ground Observations (translates to lightning fla lash in Spanish and Portuguese)
June 201 14 South American countr South American countr tries, particularly Argentina and tries, particularly Argentina and Brazil, are making large Brazil, are making large ge investments in weather ge investments in weather observing and forecast observing and forecast sting technology and sting technology and infrastructure to suppor infrastructure to suppor ort their growing populations ort their growing populations and economies, yet fun and economies, yet fun undamental knowledge is undamental knowledge is lacking about the regio lacking about the regio ional meteorology, prediction, ional meteorology, prediction, and required observatio and required observatio tional, prediction, and modeling tional, prediction, and modeling approaches. approaches. The high frequency of co The high frequency of co f convective initiation and f convective initiation and upscale growth in Subt upscale growth in Subt btropical South America makes btropical South America makes it an ideal natural labor it an ideal natural labor oratory to study these processes oratory to study these processes near complex terrain, w near complex terrain, w , where multiscale models suffer , where multiscale models suffer in skill. in skill.
RELAMPAGO 2018-20 2019 (working closely with CACTI) is an inte ternational project... ● to study intense continenta tal convective systems in subt btropical South America ● to understand their interact ctions with local and regional with local and regional meteorology, aerosols, topography, and land-atmo osphere interactions ● to improve severe storm ha hazard prediction ● to place extreme continent ntal convection in context with r h regional and global climate
¿Why Argentina? Córdoba • • Santa Fé Mendoza • • Urbana-Champaign Denver •
High frequency of initiation of organized convection Severe h e hail/ Tornado does/ Flash Fl Flooding near Sierras d s de Córdoba Severe hail near Mendoza Vidal (2014) PhD Dissertation
RELAMPAGO + CACTI Contributions NSF (US) NASA (US) DOE (US) S) SMN INPE/FAPESP CACTI (Argentina) (Brazil) • S-PolKa Disdrometers • 3 DOWs Rain gauges AMF-1 C-Band DP op Mobile X-Band • 1200 (cloud/pro rofiling network DP radar Soundings + suite, aero rosol Precip/profiling Expendables, 5 measurem ements) Mobile supersite Lightning Lightning sounding sounding C-SAPR2 C-SAPR2 2 2 soundings soundings vehicles mapping array • 3 Mesonet G-I Enhancement Sticknet NOAA (US) vehicles (microphy hysical of operational S-Band DP • Pods and aeros osol radiosondes radars Lightning downstream • WV-DIAL aircraft) T TBD mapping array LIDAR Distrometers + Field mills • 15 ISFS/ rainfall meteorological S-Band/449 stations/disdro Profilers meters (Proposed)
Science Fo ocus Areas ● Theme 1: Convective ve lifecycle ● Theme 2: Microphysics ophysics and aerosols ● Theme 3: Electrification cation ● Theme 4: Severe weat ● Theme 4: Severe weat eather (winds, hail, eather (winds, hail, tornadoes, flooding) ● Theme 5: Hydrometeor eteorology/land surface, flooding ● Theme 6: Nowcasting ng and forecasting, societal impacts
RELAMPAGO Timeline RELAMPAGO-HYDRO CACTI-EOP RELAMPAGO-IOPs CACTI-IOPs Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jan 2018 2019
Operational Radar Net etwork Resistencia Sa antiago del Bernardo de Irigoyen Es stero Santiago (BR) C Córdoba Concordia San Paraná Martín (S/X Band) Doppler on Wh heels Tunuyán Mobile Radars rs Pergamino San Ezeiza Rafael Ang nguil C-Band C-Band d S-Band S-Band Dual-pol Doppler er Doppler non-Doppler 0.5° beam blockage for existing rad dars indicated by white areas within range rings
RELAMPAGO + CACT CTI Surface and Upper-Air Network Antofogasta Salta Resistencia Uruguaiana Córdoba P Pilar DOE Chile PODS + WEST Mendoza AMF-1 AMF-1 Mesonet Mesonet Santo Domingo Ezeiza Santa Rosa Sa RAOBs Surface stations: SMN surface stations Board of Cereals, Córdoba Province Universidad de La Punta DACC, Mendoza Province
How will S-PolKa and the D DOW radars be operated to accomplish these s science objectives? ● DOWS will provide dual polarization data, but b t be operated primarily in dual-Doppler scanning modes (volume scanning, 5 minute refresh) ● C-band Argentinian radars (and C-SAPR2) will ill suffer from attenuation and backscatter differential phase effects, amount of real-time scan control ol? ● S-PolKa can help with calibration and algorithm m development for C-Band radars, critical in hail, larg drops, and heavy precipitation ● ● Provide RHIs, QPE, µ phys and cloud liquid w Provide RHIs, QPE, µ phys and cloud liquid w water/water vapor retrievals water/water vapor retrievals Example of a squall line in Parana. Strong C- Band attenuation case.
Mobile sampling strategies – Under er the umbrella of fixed observations
cale growth/backbuilding oding happens where it rains hardest for the longest” r. Chuck Doswell, Retired NSSL stem propagation important for ding hazard, in addition to antaneous precipitation rates rm mode, convective core rm mode, convective core pagation, as well as preferred tions of new updrafts important d pools are important forcing chanisms for convective intenance, propagation, and gering of new convective cores at environmental factors bine for heavy precipitation duction?
Lightning in RELAMPAGO • GOES-R GLM validation and scie ience (recommendation that GOES-R becomes GOES-E) • Demonstrate use of real time light htning information for nowcasting • Documents thunderstorm environments, allowing investigati ation of link between pre-storm environme ent and subsequent electrification (e.g e.g., anomalous/inverted charge structu ctures common in dry, high-cloud-base environments) • Provides validation dataset for thunderstorm electrification model els Courtesy S. Goodman
How does land cover heterogeneit ity (including human-modified land co cover) impact initiation and growth of convective precipitation at the loca cal and mesoscale through land-atmosphe here exchanges of moisture and energy gy? How have changes in land cover a affected the partitioning of rainfall between n infiltration/runoff and the residenc ce times of soil moisture and groundwater i r in the Carcarañá Basin’s terrestrial syste tem?
e Hydrometeorology Team will fo focus on the Carcarañá Watershe F - Flux Towers (latent and sensible heat flux) B - Basic Meteorological Stations (precipitation, Stations (precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, soil temperature) S - Streamflow Measurements
Prof. Steve Nesbitt University of Illinois snesbitt@illinois.edu Prof. Paola Salio UBA/CIMA/CONICET salio@cima.fcen.uba.ar
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