Regional Capacity Development Workshop: Mainstreaming DRR in Sustainable Development Planning Bhutan Country Presentation 13-16 September 2016 New Delhi, India
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview 1. Earthquakes 2. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) 3. Floods/Flash floods 4. Landslides 5. Forest fires/Structural fires 6. Windstorms 7. Others
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview (Earthquake) 21 st September, 2009 Mongar Earthquake 18 th September, 2011 (Sikkim Earthquake) Magnitude: 6.1 (10 km) Magnitude : 6.9 (19.7 km) Time: 2:53 p.m. BST Time: 6:41 PM BST Repeated after-shocks 12 People killed
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan” Earthquake Bhutan lies in seismically active zone IV & V (accordin to Bureau of Indian Standards) Year Location of epicenter Magnitude Impact 2003 Gunitsawa, Paro, Bhutan 5.5 Several landslides & minor cracks in some buildings in Thimphu The epicenter near Dewathang in The two 126 houses in nine blocks under Trashigang 2006 Samdrup Jongkhar struck earthquakes, district have suffered damages. Trashigang successively between 2:04 am and measuring 5.8 Dzong also suffered minor damages. 2:07 am local time. and 5.5 12 people killed 21 Sept. Demaged properties worth of Nu. 2501 2009 Narang, Mongar District, Bhutan 6.1 million (US$ 52 million). Approximately 7,290 people were left without adequate shelter. 18 Sept. Greater Sikkim Area, mostly Loss of one life due to landslides and 14 2011 affecting Haa, Paro, Samtse and 6.9 injured Chhukha Dzongkhags in Bhutan Damaged properties worth of Nu 1,197.63 million (US$ 24.46 million).
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview (GLOF) • 677 glaciers and 2,794 glacier lakes • 25 glacier lakes potentially dangerous • 21 outburst cases in Bhutan (SATREPS Project, 2012) • 17 events between 19th century and the 1970s • 4 cases of outburst in the last 40 years
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan” Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) Year Origin Affected Areas Impact 1957 Western Lunana Punakha- Wangdue Part of Punakha Dzong destroyed region valley Eastern Lunana Parts of Punakha Dzong destroyed 1960 area (burst of Punakha Tarina Tsho) In Punakha valley: several houses washed away, old traditional bridge of Wangdue Phodrang and a house with 12 people washed away. 1968 No Information Punakha, Thimphu In Thimphu: a few houses, slopes and bridges swept away. available and Paro valleys In Paro: great damage to both human and aquatic life (eg major area of paddy fields in Dophu areas were completely laden with silt, sand and debris) 17 lives lost, 91 households affected, 12 houses damaged, 5 water mills to grind barley washed away, 816 acres of dry land and 965 acres of pasture Eastern Lunana Punakha-Wangdi land damaged(washed away or partially covered with sand and silt), 16 1994 (burst of Luge valley yaks carried away, 36 cowsheds and a full year’s manure washed away, Tsho) about 6 tonnes of food grain lost, 2,838 pieces of roof shingles and 68 “champs”/beam washed away, 4 bridges washed away, 2 chortens destroyed, 1 temple in Tsojug badly damaged.
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview (Flood) - Recurrent Event - Eastern & Southern Region most vulnerable Past events - Phuentsholing & Pasakha – Year 2000 - Eastern Bhutan – Year 2004 - Cyclone Aila – Year 2009 flood
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan” Floods (Flash) Floods (Flash): Recurrent during monsson season (June to September) Year Causes Affected areas Impact Heavy rains Phuentsholing, Pasakha 49 lives lost many public and private infrastructure and properties 2000 (Flood) and other southern cities were destroyed. Six eastern dzongkhags , 9 lives lost, many houses damaged, agricultural land washed away 2004 Heavy rainfall Trashigang, estimated to be lost affecting about 1437 households. (Flood) Trashiyangtse and Damages to infrastructure and services facilities: 39 irrigation Samdrupjonkhar being channels damaged, 22 bridges of different types damaged or the most affected ones. washed away Damages estimated at Nu719 million affected mainly public and Cyclone Aila community infrastructure, agriculture, habitations, government May-09 brought 17 districts were buildings and hydro projects. Rivers and streams reached record unprecedented affected. levels of the past forty years. The floods resulted in the loss of 12 rains and lives, and the accompanying strong winds left a trail of widespread flooding to the damages affecting seventeen of the country’s twenty districts. country.
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview (Landslide) Attributed to seasonal rainfall and flooding events. More recurrent in eastern and southern foothills due to steep & unstable slope. Year Causes Affected areas Impact/ damages Thimphu, Chukha, Trashigang, The main highway between Phuentsholing and Thimphu, Samdrupjongkhar, Mongar, the lifeline of the country, was severely disrupted & 2000 Seasonal Monsoon Lhuentse, Pemagatshel, Samtse, similler disruption were found on the highways of Tsirang, Sarpang, Zhemgang, inbetween many districts Wangduephodrang Districts At least seven villages destroyed. The sudden burst 21-Aug- of sliding mud and Thimphu-Tsirang 2 school children were killed 02 debris highway(landslide) Tsatichu landslide (Lhuentse Dzongkhag ) formed a lake 1-Sep-03 n/a Lhuentse Dzongkhag behind the slide mass that threatens the Kurichu hydro power project downstream. 25-Apr- triggered by heavy Palamgphu, Mongar-Lhuentse 2 buried alive, 1 injured 05 rain highway (mudslide) 02-Jul-06 n/a Bemsisi, Thimphu(landslide) A total of 7,150.9 square meters of wetland was affected by the landslide. 17-Oct- n/a Guenshari chewog, Punakha More than 26 acres of paddy field belonging to 13 06 households were destroyed. 18-Sep- September 2011 Loss of one life due to landslides triggered by the 11 Sikkim earthquake Haa earthquake.
Key Disaster Impacts: Overview (Fire) Forest fires - Annual event - 99.9 % manmade Fires on Human Settlement - Unsafe habits – electrical wiring, temporary housing - Use of wood Other Hazards 1. Windstorms/ Thunderstorms/ Snowstorms/ Hailstorms 2. Epidemics, pests and diseases
Current Status Mainstreaming DRR in Sustainable Development Planning 1. DM Act 2013 (Section 69): Agencies and private sectors shall ensure mainstreaing of DRR into its developmnet plan, policy, program and project. 2. Gross National Happiness Commission (GNHC), the planning apex body, incorporated ”improved disaster resilience and management mainstreamed” as one of the 16 National Key Result Areas in the 11th FYP (2013-2018). 3. Local Development Planning Manual contains disaster risk reduction and management as one of the criteria to be considered in the GNH Check Planning Tool. 4. The Royal Government of Bhutan’s Protocol for Policy Formulation requires the mainstreaming of cross-cutting issues, including disaster risk reduction as appropriate to the policy.
Efforts to Mainstream DRR in Sustainable Development Planning 1. Disaster Management and Contingency planning guidelines developed and distributed to all agencies (2014). 2. National Action Plans for School/Hospital Safety developed – incorporate prioritized risk reduction and preparedness initiatives into the annual plans – engineers trained 3. Incorporated disaster management into curriculum of Sclools/colleges and the Non- Formal and Continuing Education Programme – one year long post literacy programme 4. School DM planning guidelines developed – all schools have functional school disaster managment plans 5. Health Sector Emergency/Disaster Contingency Plan developed – all hospital staff trained and simulation done 6. National Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan developed 7. Budget secured for DRR activities (DM Act, 2013)
Challenges in Mainstreaming DRR in Development Planning 1. Disaster management being a new discipline and multi sectoral in nature, lack of adequate awareness and advocacy on disaster management at all levels 2. Government’s priority (DRR Vs Other sectors’ plans) 3. Lack of disaster information/data , multi-hazard zonation and vulnerability maps which are pre-requisite for planning DRR activities 4. Inadequate capacity at Community/District/Sectoral/ Ministerial levels for planning and implementing & mainstreaming DM activities. 5. Funding/resources constraints 6. Peopls’s attitude
Support Required for Mainstreaming DRR in Sustainable Development Realised the priorities as enshirned in the Sendai Framework - 2015 to 2030, components of DM Act of Bhutan, 2013: Sensitization on DM Act, 2013, Rules and Regulation of DM to Districts/Sectors/Communities Training of DM & Contingency planning guidelines to all district planning officers and disaster management officers & other officials from relevant sectors Ensure DRR activities mainstreamed into respective districts/sectors 12 th FYP
Thank you & Tashi Delek!
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