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Recursive Subtree Composition in LSTM-Based Dependency Parsing Miryam de Lhoneux , Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre @mdlhx 4 June 2019 Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 1/22


  1. Recursive Subtree Composition in LSTM-Based Dependency Parsing Miryam de Lhoneux , Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre @mdlhx 4 June 2019 Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 1/22

  2. Overview 1 Tree vs. sequential LSTMs for parsing 2 BiLSTM parsing 3 Results 4 Conclusion Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 2/22

  3. Outline for section 1 1 Tree vs. sequential LSTMs for parsing 2 BiLSTM parsing 3 Results 4 Conclusion Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 3/22

  4. Recursive vs recurrent NNs Recurrent The largest city in Minnesota Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 4/22

  5. Recursive vs recurrent NNs Recurrent The largest city in Minnesota Recursive The largest city in Minnesota Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 4/22

  6. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing the largest city left-arc left-arc Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  7. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  8. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  9. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Recursive composition function in the stack-LSTM parser (Dyer et al., 2015): Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  10. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Recursive composition function in the stack-LSTM parser (Dyer et al., 2015): c ( h , d , r ) = tanh ( W [ h ; d ; r ] + b ) W [ city , largest , left − nmod ] Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  11. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Recursive composition function in the stack-LSTM parser (Dyer et al., 2015): c ( h , d , r ) = tanh ( W [ h ; d ; r ] + b ) W [ city , largest , left − nmod ] h i = c ( h i − 1 , d , r ) W [ city , largest , left − nmod ] Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  12. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Recursive composition function in the stack-LSTM parser (Dyer et al., 2015): c ( h , d , r ) = tanh ( W [ h ; d ; r ] + b ) W [ city , largest , left − nmod ] city 1 = c ( city 0 , largest , left − nmod ) Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  13. Recursive NN for Transition-Based Parsing det nmod the largest city left-arc left-arc Recursive composition function in the stack-LSTM parser (Dyer et al., 2015): c ( h , d , r ) = tanh ( W [ h ; d ; r ] + b ) W [ city , largest , left − nmod ] city 1 = c ( city 0 , largest , left − nmod ) city 2 = c ( city 1 , the , left − det ) Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 5/22

  14. Recursive vs recurrent NNs Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  15. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  16. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  17. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  18. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 BiLSTM 91.2 85.0 Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  19. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 BiLSTM 91.2 85.0 Goals Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  20. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 BiLSTM 91.2 85.0 Goals BiLSTM + composition? Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  21. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 BiLSTM 91.2 85.0 Goals BiLSTM + composition? Examine composition in simple architecture Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  22. Recursive vs recurrent NNs English PTB Chinese CTB S-LSTM without composition 89.6 83.6 S-LSTM with composition 90.9 85.7 BiLSTM 91.2 85.0 Goals BiLSTM + composition? Examine composition in simple architecture Typologically varied languages Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 6/22

  23. Outline for section 2 1 Tree vs. sequential LSTMs for parsing 2 BiLSTM parsing 3 Results 4 Conclusion Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 7/22

  24. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Scoring: (score(LEFT−ARC),score(RIGHT−ARC),score(SHIFT),score(SWAP)) Configuration: STACK BUFFER MLP the brown fox jumped root Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root b r o w n f o x j u m p e d t h e e(the) e(brown) e(fox) e(jumped) pe(the) pe(brown) pe(fox) pe(jumped) Kiperwasser and Goldberg (2016); de Lhoneux et al. (2017) Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 8/22

  25. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Xthe Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 9/22

  26. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Xthe e(the) Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 9/22

  27. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Xthe e(the) pe(the) Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 9/22

  28. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Xthe concat e(the) pe(the) Cf Cf Cf Cb Cb Cb t h e Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 9/22

  29. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 10/22

  30. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 10/22

  31. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 10/22

  32. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 10/22

  33. Transition-Based Parsing using BiLSTMs (score(LEFT−ARC),score(RIGHT−ARC),score(SHIFT),score(SWAP)) MLP Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 10/22

  34. Recursive Composition in the BiLSTM parser Vfox Vjumped Vroot Vthe Vbrown concat concat concat concat concat LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM b LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f LSTM f X the X brown X X X fox jumped root Miryam de Lhoneux, Miguel Ballesteros and Joakim Nivre Recursive Subtree Composition in Parsing 11/22

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