January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Realizing the Potential Benefits of TOD Silicon Valley Bicycle Summit, San Jose April 8, 2011 Jeremy Nelson, Principal Nelson\Nygaard Consulting
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Presentation Overview • Why care about TOD? • What can you do to help your community realize the potential benefits of TOD? General Plan Update
Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Why care about TOD? General Plan Update
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Does this McMansion make me look fat? Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits , by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Source: Richard J Jackson MD, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, dickjackson@ucla.edu
Danger, Will Robinson! Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits , by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Social costs Costs of Auto-versus-Pedestrian Injuries, San Francisco 2004-2008 General Plan Update Image source: San Francisco Injury Center
Sprawl = Death Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits , by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
California Total California Transportation CO 2 Emissions Emissions 2.1% 1.9% 1.8% Passenger Vehicles 2.4% Heavy Duty Trucks Ships & Commercial Boats 20.0% Aviation (Intrastate) Transportation 3.1% 0.04% Rail 1.3% 71.8% 6.2% Electric Power Unspecified Commercial and Residential 38.4% Industrial 19.9% Recycling and Waste High GWP 9.2% Climate change Agriculture 21.9% Forestry Source: 2006 California Air Resources Board Greenhouse Gas Inventory
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Green Exercise • Short periods of outdoor exercise = – More self esteem – Better mood – Particular self esteem improvement in young and mentally ill. Barton J and Pretty J. 2010. What is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Health? A Multi-Study Analysis. Environmental Science and Technology DOI: 10.1021/es903183r
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Reduced Stress, Increased Trust • Oxytocin: the “cuddle chemical” • Lowers blood pressure and other stress-related responses General Plan Update • Increases positive social behavior such as friendliness • Creates trust, generosity and empathy. Nature 435 , 673-676 (2 June 2005) | doi:10.1038/nature03701; Received 20 April 2005; Accepted 5 May 2005 Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Michael Kosfeld, Markus Heinrichs, Paul J. Zak, Urs Fischbacher & Ernst Fehr
Community health Image source: UC Press
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ More walking = safer walking General Plan Update Image source: Peter Jacobsen
Land ¡Use ¡Determines ¡VMT ¡ Image source: John Holtzclaw
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Equity Image source: Transact
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ Consumer choice • Most communities’ zoning and street design codes make it illegal to create walkable neighborhoods General Plan Update • Walkable neighborhoods are undersupplied • Housing consumers will pay a premium for walkable neighborhoods Image source: RFF Press
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ The “Silver Tsunami” Image source: National Institutes of Health
• Driving makes us: – Fat – Sick – Die early – Poor – Dumb – Angry – Mistrustful Image: A Tale of a Few Cities: How Sprawl Affects Your Waistline, By Chris Woolston, Consumer Health Interactive
• Walking makes us: – Fitter – Smarter – Able to handle complex reasoning – Sexier – More loving – More trustful Image: Nelson\Nygaard
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ What can you do to help your community realize the potential General Plan Update benefits of TOD?
Typical General Plan polices…. • Create mixed-used neighborhoods • Add appropriate density near transit • Encourage alternative modes • Reduce vehicle travel • Promote bicycling and walking • Build complete streets • Honor motherhood • Enjoy apple pie Image source: Diabetes Daily
Image source: Dan Burden
Mixed message? Image source: Diabetes Daily Image source: Carbolic Smokeball
Step ¡1: ¡ ¡Measure ¡transporta<on ¡ success, ¡and ¡focus ¡on ¡the ¡things ¡ that ¡maAer ¡
GOALS Economy Environment Equity Health TARGETS REDUCE REDUCE IMPROVE INCREASE EMISSIONS CONGESTION WALKING AFFORDABILITY & VMT STRATEGIES Pricing & Infrastructure Focused Growth
Step ¡2: ¡ ¡Fix ¡your ¡street ¡ standards ¡
Bicyclists as Catalyst/Coordinator? Image source: San Francisco Department of Public Works
Step ¡3: ¡ ¡Rethink ¡traffic ¡ “mi<ga<ons” ¡
• Currently, to mitigate a negative transportation impact we: – Reduce density – Widen roadways – Transportation Demand Management – Add parking – Move the project to a more isolated location with less existing traffic congestion
Step ¡4: ¡ ¡Legalize ¡walkable ¡/ ¡ bikable ¡neighborhoods ¡
Image: Nelson\Nygaard
Step ¡5: ¡ ¡Get ¡smart ¡about ¡reducing ¡ traffic ¡& ¡parking ¡demand ¡ (“TDM”) ¡
Parking 1. Eliminate minimum parking requirements 2. Create a “Park Once,” shared parking environment 3. Charge the right price for curb parking 4. Manage parking in order to achieve development and congestion management goals context and goals Image: Nelson\Nygaard
Step ¡6: ¡Increase ¡affordable ¡ housing ¡near ¡transit ¡
Image: Nelson\Nygaard
Image: Nelson\Nygaard
Be ¡at ¡the ¡table ¡when ¡decisions ¡ are ¡made ¡about ¡the ¡built ¡ environment. ¡
We can do nothing and just take our chances… …or we can choose now to plan for change. Image source: The New Yorker
Why are we fiddling around? Image source Dzobel Blog
January ¡22, ¡2010 ¡ For more information… Jeremy Nelson 116 New Montgomery, Suite 500 San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 284-1544 jtumlin@nelsonnygaard.com
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