Radial Velocity Limitations To The Detection Of Giant Planets 8 6 4 2 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 52500 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 OhP 4 Oct 2015 2 0 −2 −4 Xavier Dumusque 55000 55020 55040 55060 55080 55100 55120 55140 55160
~ 1 h Flares < 15 min 15 min - 2 d <1 m/s (only active M) Oscillations Granulation Saar 09, Reiners 09 a few m/s (Dumusque+ 11) a few m/s (Dumusque+ 11) Del-Moro+ 04, Del-Moro 04 Kjeldsen+ 95, Bouchy & Carrier 01, Cegla+ 12, Cegla+ 14 Butler+ 04, Bedding & Kjeldsen 07 Stellar Signals Lindegren & Magnetic Active regions Dravins 03 a few m/s to km/s (Meunier+ 10) Cycles 1-20 m/s (Lovis+ 11) Saar & Donahue 97, Queloz+ 01 Hatzes 02, Meunier+ 10, Gravitational Makarov 10, Dumusque+ 11 Boisse+ 11, Dumusque+ 11, Dumusque+ 12 , Meunier+ 13 Lanza+ 11, Aigrain+12, Redshift Boisse+ 12, Dumusque+ 14 � < 10 cm/s (Cegla+12) ~ 10 yrs 10 - 50 d 10 d - 10 yrs
Hot Jupiter Orbiting an Active Star ACTIVE 1 M J 3.5 d 1 m/s 130 m/s
~ 1 h Flares < 15 min 15 min - 2 d <1 m/s Oscillations Granulation Saar 09, Reiners 09 a few m/s a few m/s Del-Moro+ 04, Del-Moro 04 Kjeldsen+ 95, Bouchy & Carrier 01, Cegla+ 12, Cegla+ 14 Butler+ 04, Bedding & Kjeldsen 07 Stellar Signals Lindegren & Magnetic Active regions Dravins 03 a few m/s to km/s (Meunier+ 10) Cycles 1-20 m/s Saar & Donahue 97, Queloz+ 01 Hatzes 02, Meunier+ 10, Gravitational Makarov 10 Boisse+ 11, Dumusque+ 11, Dumusque+ 12 Lanza+ 11, Aigrain+12, Redshift Boisse+ 12, Dumusque+ 14 � < 10 cm/s ~ 10 yrs 10 - 50 d 10 d - 10 yrs
Active regions a few m/s (Meunier+ 10) Spots are cooler and fainter FLUX Plages are hotter and brighter Saar & Donahue 97, Queloz+ 01, Hatzes 02, Lagrange+ 10, Boisse+ 11, Dumusque+ 11, Boisse+ 12, � Convection outside active regions, inhibition CONVECTION of convection inside Dravins 81, Lindegren & Dravins 03, Saar 03, Saar 09, Lanza+ 11, Meunier+ 10, Aigrain+12, Dumusque+ 14
Active regions a few m/s (Meunier+ 10) FLUX
Active regions a few m/s (Meunier+ 10) FLUX
Credit: Vasco Henrique
Active regions a few m/s (Meunier+ 10) CONVE CTION Matthias Rempel, NCAR
Active regions a few m/s (Meunier+ 10) FLUX CONVE CTION SOAP 2.0 Dumusque+ 2014
dominates for fast rotators SPOT the flux effect is dominant BIS SPAN RV SOAP 2.0 Dumusque+ 2014
RV - Bis Span correlation Vsini = 2 km/s Vsini = 5 Vsini = 8 Vsini = 11 SOAP 2.0 Dumusque+ 2014
Active regions Anti-Correlation between RV and BIS SPAN HD166435 Vsini = 7.7 Vsini = 8 Queloz+ 01
Active regions Active regions rotates with the star: -> Signal at the rotational period and harmonics Boisse+ 11
Active regions Active regions rotates with the star: -> Signal at the rotational period and harmonics Fit sin waves at the rotational period and harmonics Boisse+ 11
Active regions This Method has been applied successfully to: Corot-7b (Queloz+ 09, Boisse+ 11) HD189733b (Boisse+ 11) GJ674b (Boisse+ 11) Iota Horb (Boisse+ 11) Alpha CEn Bb (Dumusque+ 12) � �
Searching for Hot Jupiters Around Active Stars RV surveys tends OBS. BIAS to reject active stars Active stars are Younger generally younger Formation Look in the past of Hot Jupiters (migration, Kozai)
Jupiter Analog Orbiting a Quiet Star QUIET 1 M J 11 yrs 12 m/s 1 m/s
~ 1 h Flares < 15 min 15 min - 2 d <1 m/s Oscillations Granulation Saar 09, Reiners 09 a few m/s a few m/s Del-Moro+ 04, Del-Moro 04 Kjeldsen+ 95, Bouchy & Carrier 01, Cegla+ 12, Cegla+ 14 Butler+ 04, Bedding & Kjeldsen 07 Stellar Signals Lindegren & Magnetic Active regions Dravins 03 a few m/s to km/s Cycles 1-20 m/s (Lovis+ 11) Saar & Donahue 97, Queloz+ 01 Hatzes 02, Meunier+ 10 Gravitational Makarov 10, Dumusque+ 11 Boisse+ 11, Dumusque+ 11, Dumusque+ 12 , Meunier+ 13 Lanza+ 11, Aigrain+12, Redshift Boisse+ 12, Dumusque+ 14 � < 10 cm/s ~ 10 yrs 10 - 50 d 10 d - 10 yrs
Jupiter 11 years 12 m/s 8 Solar Magnetic 6 4 Cycle 2 11 years 0 ~ 8 m/s −2 −4 −6 −8 Lovis+ 2011 −10 52500 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000
Magnetic Cycles Monthly spot number 1-20 m/s (Lovis+ 11) 200 0 1975 1990 2005 Year S-index 1975 1990 2005 Year Lockwood+ 2007 NASA / Solar Physics
Magnetic Cycles −4.85 HARPS data −4.90 Log(R'hk) −4.95 −5.00 −5.05 10 5 RV (m/s) 0 −5 −10 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 JD - 2400000 (d)
Magnetic Cycles 1-20 m/s (Lovis+ 11) - More active regions, -> more convective blueshift inhibition -> positive RV (Meunier+ 10,Lindegren & Dravins 03)
Magnetic Cycles 8 HARPS data 6 4 2 Log(R'hk) 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −4.98 −4.96 −4.94 −4.92 −4.90 −4.88 −4.86 RV (m/s) Meunier+ 13
Magnetic Cycles HARPS data 10 5 RV (m/s) 0 −5 −10 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 10 RV corrected (m/s) 5 0 −5 −10 53000 53500 54000 54500 55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 Meunier+ 13
Searching for Jupiters Around Quiet Stars Possible to find Jupiter Detection analogs correcting for magnetic cycles Influence of Giant Formation planets in Solar System like configurations
Pushing Further our Understanding of Stellar Signals
Dumusque, X. The Sun Star NASA/SDO
Dumusque, X. The Sun Star NASA/SDO
HARPS-N Solar Telescope X. Dumusque, D. Phillips, A. Glenday, D. Latham, R. Walsworth and collaborators at the TNG and Geneva Observatory X. Dumusque
Solar Telescope Solar Telescope to feed the sunlight into HARPS-N Correction using Sun integrated disc photometry (SORCE satellite) Goal: Understand stellar signal and detection of Venus X. Dumusque, A. Glenday, D. Phillips et al. in prep.
Take Away • Hot Jupiter • Rotational Activity can be a problem • We have the tools to correct for it • Study of young systems to understand hot jupiter formation � • Jupiter-like • Magnetic cycles can be a problem • Can be correct using activity index • Study The Formation of the Solar-System � �
EnD
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