Q- -Biotype Whitefly: Biotype Whitefly: Q Strategies for Prevention Strategies for Prevention & Management & Management OFA Short Course OFA Short Course July 8 – – 11, 2006 11, 2006 July 8
Perspective follows background Perspective follows background Entomologist Entomologist General Manager Parrish Farm General Manager Parrish Farm Management responsibilities for Yoder’ ’s farm in s farm in Management responsibilities for Yoder Colombia, Flores del Amanecer Colombia, Flores del Amanecer Tri- -lingual lingual Tri – Understand Lance and Jim – Understand Lance and Jim – Understand language of our customers Understand language of our customers – – Generally understand APHIS, PPQ Generally understand APHIS, PPQ –
Topics Topics Whitefly prevention. Whitefly prevention. – What offshore propagators What offshore propagators – are doing about whitefly are doing about whitefly Best Practices and IPM Best Practices and IPM implementation. implementation. What if… …. . What if – you are trying to avoid Q? you are trying to avoid Q? – – you suspect you have Q? you suspect you have Q? – – you get Q? you get Q? – Perceptions Perceptions – Pest management Pest management – practices practices
Prevention Prevention
Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management IPM = Best Practices IPM = Best Practices IPM components IPM components 1. Scouting Scouting 1. 2. Inspection Inspection 2. 3. Sanitation Sanitation 3. 4. Cultural Cultural 4. 5. Physical Physical 5. 6. Chemical Chemical 6.
1. Scouting 1. Scouting Know what pests you have, where, and how Know what pests you have, where, and how many many Requirement for responsible pesticide use Requirement for responsible pesticide use Done on a schedule Done on a schedule Systematically cover the production areas Systematically cover the production areas Brush plant canopy for adults Brush plant canopy for adults Pull leave or cutting samples to check for Pull leave or cutting samples to check for adults, immatures or pupae adults, immatures or pupae Also check sticky cards or other indicators Also check sticky cards or other indicators
Well defined programs Well defined programs with trained scouts with trained scouts Modeled after the Modeled after the scouting programs in scouting programs in place in the U.S. side of place in the U.S. side of the business the business Information used to set Information used to set thresholds for whitefly thresholds for whitefly and other pests and other pests Also used as a measure Also used as a measure of how your overall of how your overall whitefly control strategy whitefly control strategy is working. is working.
While labor may be While labor may be cheaper offshore, cheaper offshore, pesticides in general pesticides in general are not not are No desire on offshore No desire on offshore producers parts to use producers parts to use pesticides that are not pesticides that are not needed needed Depend on scouting to Depend on scouting to trigger chemical trigger chemical intervention intervention
Process Process Scouts cover the entire Scouts cover the entire farm at least once a week farm at least once a week Every bed, several Every bed, several locations on each bed locations on each bed Number of whitefly adults, Number of whitefly adults, immatures and pupae immatures and pupae noted noted Threshold exceeded for a Threshold exceeded for a pest, then pesticides pest, then pesticides applied to that area applied to that area Area might be a hotspot, Area might be a hotspot, one house, or entire block one house, or entire block
Yellow sticky cards are used Yellow sticky cards are used to assess adult whitefly to assess adult whitefly pressure pressure Yellow sticky panels are Yellow sticky panels are used to help reduce any used to help reduce any adult numbers in the adult numbers in the production area production area Thresholds are set by either Thresholds are set by either sticky card counts, adults on sticky card counts, adults on plants, or some combination plants, or some combination Lower than in the states Lower than in the states
- Inspection Inspection 2. - 2.
Incoming Plant Material Incoming Plant Material Start clean! Start clean! Examine or Examine or isolate all isolate all incoming plant incoming plant material material Install insect Install insect screening only screening only to carry in to carry in whitefly??? whitefly???
Incoming plant Incoming plant generally is of two generally is of two types types 1. Germplasm for Germplasm for 1. stock buildup stock buildup 2. Test production Test production 2. Great care is taken Great care is taken with either to make with either to make sure it is clean sure it is clean
Stock buildup Stock buildup Incoming as ELITE or TC Incoming as ELITE or TC plantlets plantlets This starter material This starter material represents the cleanest represents the cleanest germplasm that the germplasm that the propagators have. propagators have. Grown and held under Grown and held under strict phytosanitary strict phytosanitary protocols. protocols. Lab tested Lab tested Risk of this material Risk of this material having whitefly is zero having whitefly is zero
Inspection - - outgoing outgoing Inspection All have “ “quality quality All have checks” ” of some type of some type checks These may take place These may take place at different points at different points – Pre Pre- -harvest harvest – – Post harvest Post harvest – – Order assembly Order assembly – Generally 7 to 8 Generally 7 to 8 inspection points for inspection points for cuttings shipped from cuttings shipped from offshore offshore
Typical Inspection Points Typical Inspection Points 1. Scouting Scouting 1. 2. Pre Pre- -harvest harvest 2. – Grower – Grower – Harvest supervisor – Harvest supervisor 3. During harvest During harvest 3. 4. Arrival at cooler Arrival at cooler 4. 5. Order assembly Order assembly 5. 6. Airport departure Airport departure 6. 7. Airport arrival Airport arrival 7.
3. Sanitation 3. Sanitation
Soil or media steamed Soil or media steamed before use before use – Disease management – Disease management – Nematodes – Nematodes – Some insects – Some insects Footbaths at entrance Footbaths at entrance to greenhouses and to greenhouses and production fields production fields
Sanitation Sanitation No weeds under beds, No weeds under beds, along side walls, or in along side walls, or in center walks center walks No “ “pet plants pet plants” ” in in No production areas production areas Discarded plants are Discarded plants are composted composted NO dump piles of plant NO dump piles of plant debris debris Any plants found Any plants found infested are bagged infested are bagged and removed and removed
4. Cultural 4. Cultural Annual range Annual range sanitizing sanitizing Crop- -free free Crop period to period to break cycles break cycles Stock renewal Stock renewal schedules schedules Planting Planting density density
5. Physical 5. Physical
Screened stock Screened stock Susceptible varieties Susceptible varieties Double door entryways Double door entryways Footbaths Footbaths Hand wash stations Hand wash stations Boot changing area Boot changing area Tool disinfection Tool disinfection IPM measures we have IPM measures we have in place in our U.S. in place in our U.S. facilities… …..are in place ..are in place facilities offshore. offshore.
United States Offshore United States Offshore SCOUTING SCOUTING INSPECTION INSPECTION SANITATION SANITATION CULTURAL CULTURAL PHYSICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL ????? CHEMICAL ?????
6. Chemical 6. Chemical
Perception Reality Perception Reality Irresponsible use of Follow Best Practices Irresponsible use of Follow Best Practices pesticides developed in U.S. pesticides developed in U.S. Overuse of certain Rotate products Overuse of certain Rotate products pesticides without based on class & pesticides without based on class & regard to MOA MOA regard to MOA MOA Spray, spray, spray Sound IPM programs Spray, spray, spray Sound IPM programs Oblivious to biotypes Lab ID of strains Oblivious to biotypes Lab ID of strains More likely to ship Q Lower thresholds More likely to ship Q Lower thresholds Are shipping Q ……..unlikely ..unlikely Are shipping Q ……
Best Practices for Q Best Practices for Q Long list of pesticides have been tested Long list of pesticides have been tested Published program for poinsettias and Published program for poinsettias and ornamentals ornamentals Well informed on strategies to avoid/delay Well informed on strategies to avoid/delay resistance developing resistance developing Propagators are using these Propagators are using these recommendations… …both at home and offshore both at home and offshore recommendations If our name is on the box… ….doesn .doesn’ ’t matter where t matter where If our name is on the box it ships from. Our name is on the box. it ships from. Our name is on the box.
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