Pure P2P architecture no always-on server arbitrary end systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 10, 2023 •111 likes •176 views

Pure P2P architecture no always-on server arbitrary end systems directly communicate peers are intermittently connected and change IP addresses examples: file distribution (BitTorrent) Streaming (KanKan) VoIP (Skype)

Pure P2P architecture ▪ no always-on server ▪ arbitrary end systems directly communicate ▪ peers are intermittently connected and change IP addresses examples: • file distribution (BitTorrent) • Streaming (KanKan) • VoIP (Skype) Application Layer 2-1
P2P file distribution: BitTorrent ▪ file divided into 256Kb chunks ▪ peers in torrent send/receive file chunks torrent: group of peers tracker: tracks peers exchanging chunks of a file participating in torrent Alice arrives … … obtains list of peers from tracker … and begins exchanging file chunks with peers in torrent Application Layer 2-2
P2P file distribution: BitTorrent ▪ peer joining torrent: • has no chunks, but will accumulate them over time from other peers • registers with tracker to get list of peers, connects to subset of peers ( “ neighbors ” ) ▪ while downloading, peer uploads chunks to other peers ▪ peer may change peers with whom it exchanges chunks ▪ churn: peers may come and go ▪ once peer has entire file, it may (selfishly) leave or (altruistically) remain in torrent Application Layer 2-3
BitTorrent: requesting, sending file chunks requesting chunks: sending chunks: tit-for-tat ▪ at any given time, different ▪ Alice sends chunks to those peers have different subsets four peers currently sending her of file chunks chunks at highest rate ▪ periodically, Alice asks each • other peers are choked by Alice (do not receive chunks from her) peer for list of chunks that • re-evaluate top 4 every10 secs they have ▪ every 30 secs: randomly select ▪ Alice requests missing another peer, starts sending chunks from peers, rarest chunks first • “ optimistically unchoke ” this peer • newly chosen peer may join top 4 Application Layer 2-4
BitTorrent: tit-for-tat (1) Alice “ optimistically unchokes ” Bob (2) Alice becomes one of Bob ’ s top-four providers; Bob reciprocates (3) Bob becomes one of Alice ’ s top-four providers higher upload rate: find better trading partners, get file faster ! Application Layer 2-5

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