Protection of Refugee Children
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC 2007 • ~1.5 million refugee’s in urban host population • ~60,000 refugee’s arriving every month • Government sensitive to foreign interventions • Schools running double shifts with four students to a desk to accommodate pupils • Primary health clinics on minimal services • Overcrowding and unemployment increasing • Limited resources and capacity in-country • Infra-structure not able to absorb additional population
Refugee Assessment Presenting issues on arrival: • Sexually based violence • Exploitation, abuse, other forms violence • Special needs – mentally and physically • Chronic disorders and diseases • Damaged/broken family • Separated/un-accompanied children • Stress, fear, anxiety and confusion
Refugee Assessment Issues in-country: • Refugee status determination/ prima facie recognised • No papers or identification • No information, orientation • No income, inadequate food, overcrowding • Child labour, prostitution, female headed households • Domestic violence • School drop-out • No community support services available • Infra-structure limited capacity • Indicators of tension in host community
Priorities • Principles of Best Practice • Code of Conduct & Ethics 1. Coordination : • Map & Tracking Under UNHCR Protection cluster • Resource Directory • Incident Book ‘Child Protection • Networking & Resources & Psychosocial • Staff Terms & Conditions Coordination’ • Information centre: collation & dissemination • Technical support & materials • Training & supervision • Monitoring & surveillance
Priorities 2. Training: Sub-working group: ‘ CP & PSS Coordination ’ a) Pool of Trainers b) Monitoring & surveillance c) Pool of Supervisors d) Systemized referrals 3. Community Messaging: Sub-working group: ‘ CP & PSS Coordination ’ Public Information + Psycho-education
Priorities 4. Mapping & Tracking: Demographic information and identification of community resources 5. Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC): National recruitment to manage Community Centres 6. Identification & rehabilitation of Community Centres
Community Services Refugee Volunteers Comm. Community Support Workers Centre Other referrals Al Hasakah Comm. Centre SARC Women ’ s Refuge Headquarters Comm. Damascus Damascus Centre Comm. Youth Centre Union Aleppo Comm. Comm. Centre Centre Comm. Community Services Centre Refugee Volunteers Community Support Workers Other referrals
Working Strategy : Phase One Establish Child Protection & Psychosocial Coordination (sub-working groups: Training & Community Messaging) Implement activities in affected population of Damascus (later consider replication in other cities) Use immediately available resources and capacity (SARC volunteers & identified buildings) UNHCR 4 Community Centres/Registration Centre (dedicated person to identify other appropriate buildings/orgs) SARC volunteers (identify Refugee Volunteers, recruit new vol ’ s & advocate IFRC training) UNICEF Recreational Kits (other agency resources) Initiate CFS recreational and play activities Enable Map & Track activities (Demographic & resources)
Phase Two Working Strategy: SARC Recruitment New volunteers have IFRC training: Disaster Preparedness and Response 1 st Aid Training PsychoSocial Preparedness (Danish Red Cross PSP) SARC Workshops Presentation Strategy & Plan of Action to SARC management (amend according to agreements and circumstances) Presentation to SARC volunteers and functional selection for CCs (via role play, team activities, discussions and presentations) Workshop orientation on Community Centres functions, activities, services, networking, referrals, monitoring, outreach services a) map & track, community support workers, services and resources b) functional selection: ToT, supervisors & psychosocial support workers Technical training volunteers to undertake psychosocial support work (psychosocial work, referrals, supervision, networking, monitoring, staff care)
Services of a Community Centre Map & Track Community Messaging Gender & Awareness Information Orientated Psycho- Monitoring & & Resource Issues social Surveillance Centre Support Referrals Child Peer Friendly Support Meet Spaces Groups a Mother Early Childhood After School Community Development Other agency Activities Resources Services… Adolescent & Services Civil societies Activities Schools (MoE) Primary Health Clinics (MoH) 1 st Aid UNHCR - IOM Response UNFPA - UNWFP Community Income generation schemes Support Private services Workers WHO – UNICEF
Symptoms, diagnoses: CHILDREN • Mood disorders • PTSD • Anxiety disorders • Enuresis • Behavioural disorders • Developmental disorders • Sleeping disorders • Speech problems 12
Adolescents CFS 2 PSS/CP UNIT Jaraman CFS 1 UNHCR Registration Center Jaramana a Mothers CFS 3 Adolescents PSS/CP UNIT Saida Saida Zenab Zenab Mothers CFS 4 Adolescents PSS/CP UNIT Qudsaya Mazra’a Mothers CFS5 Adolescents Yarmouk Mother DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL s
GREECE 2015-2016 • During 8 months estimated 1 million refugees passed through Greece • ~9,000 refugee ’ s arriving every day • State unready to deal with the influx • Limited resources and capacity in-country • Coast guard, UN agencies and NGOs involved in sea rescue
Refugee Assessment Presenting issues on arrival: • Sexually based violence • Exploitation, abuse, other forms violence • Special needs – mentally and physically • Chronic disorders and diseases • Damaged/broken family • Large numbers of separated/un-accompanied children • Stress, fear, anxiety and confusion • Desire to move on, not stay
Refugee Assessment Issues in-country: • No papers or identification • No information, orientation • No income, inadequate food, overcrowding • Irregular movement • Infra-structure limited capacity
Immediate Response • CFSs on the islands • CFS on the borders (Idomeni) • Temporary site in Athens • Massive arrivals and movement of the population • Initiation of the Blue Dot concept Children and family support hubs: Restoring family links, Advice and info point, multidisciplinary teams able to identify children, especially UASC, who might need further support and to engage with these children, and if relevant their parents, regarding the most appropriate way to provide that support, CFSs, MB areas, , youth activities, non formal education • Uncontrollable presence of NGOS and volunteers • Rapid BIAs, limited long term planning and action 17
After 20/03/2016 – identifying gaps – systems to build • Opening of sites across Greece • Initiation of the Safe Zones • Contiguous flows of arrivals • Large numbers of UAC with no capacity to deal with Services in sites Care arrangemenrs for UAC Linking to the national system 18
Symptoms, diagnoses: UASC • Behavioural and developmental problems, • nightmares, enuresis (bedwetting), • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and autism • In RICs hosted in adverse conditions • depression and anxiety • Suicidal thoughts and attempts, • aggressive behaviour, • self-harm • drug and alcohol abuse • engaging in high-risk behavior such as survival/transactional sex as a measure of self-harm is also reported • traumatic experiences of shipwrecks, travelling during the night in the sea for the first time in their lives with unknown people and without 19 their families
Child Protection – Achievements 2016-2017 1) Alternative care for UAC • 728 places in shelters funded by UNHCR until the end of July 2017 • Pilot foster care project • Planning/advocacy for Supported Independent Living (16-17 years) • Referral mechanism for eligible +18 UAC to the accommodation scheme 2) Strengthening linkages with National CP System • Embedded staff with EKKA • Relationship building (Public Prosecutors, MoL, MoMP) • Comments provided to the new draft laws related to CP 3) Best Interests Procedures • 2500+ Best Interest Assessments (BIA) • Government-led BID panel established and operational (+Dubs) 4) Coordination + Advocacy • National and regional Child Protection Sub-Working Groups established • Coordination with Deputy Ombudsman for Children ’ s Rights and the Network for the Rights of Children on the Move 20 • Advocacy efforts on SIL, Age Assessment, CBI for UASC, detention etc.
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