Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative Prokaryotes & This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of Viruses students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to Multiple Choice make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning Review community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 47 Slide 4 / 47 1 Prokaryotes consist of both bacteria and archaea. 2 Which of the following correctly states the Which of the following statements best relationship(s) between bacteria and humans? characterize these types of organisms? Some bacteria act as catalysts in chemical reactions of A human cells. A Bacteria are considered living, however archaea are not. B All bacteria are harmful to humans in some way. B Both bacteria and archaea meet all the characteristics for life. C Some bacteria assist humans in digesting food. C Archaea are considered living, however bacteria are not. D All of the above are true. D Neither are considered to be complete, living organisms. Slide 5 / 47 Slide 6 / 47 3 The image below is a representation of the 4 The image below is of a prokaryote called relationships of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. staphylococcus. Which of the following correctly describes the Based upon the characteristics of prokaryotes, relationship between these three domains? which of the following correctly describes what we see in this image? http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/160/160S09_9print.html A Eukaryotes and bacteria are more closely related than http://web.dbs.umt.edu/dbs/courses/sci226/lab3_cells.htm A Prokaryotes may be multicellular or unicellular, therefore eukaryotes and archaea. this is a single prokaryotic organism. B Bacteria and archaea are both related to eukaryotes, B Bacteria are only unicellular but archaea may be which bacteria being more closely related to eukaryotes. multicellular, therefore this represents and archaea. C Bacteria and archaea are both related to eukaryotes, with C Prokaryotes are unicellular but may form colonies, archaea being more closely related to eukaryotes. therefore this is a unicellular, prokaryotic colony. D Bacteria and archaea are considered non-living, therefore D This is a eukaryotic organism as all prokaryotes are are not closely related to eukaryotes. unicellular and cannot form colonies.
Slide 7 / 47 Slide 8 / 47 5 Which of the statements below correctly 6 Bacterial cells have a carbohydrate cell wall and describes prokaryotic cells? many also have a capsule. How do these structures function in bacteria? A Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells and do not contain separate organelles. A These two structures replace the cell membrane in bacterial cells. B Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells and contain all of the same cellular organelles. B These two structures both function in protection for the bacterial cell. C Prokaryotic cells share similarities with eukaryotic cells, by containing a nucleus, ribosomes and plasmids. C The cell wall protects the bacterial cell while the capsule produces food. D Prokaryotic cells share similarities with eukaryotic cells, by containing ribosomes and DNA within a cell membrane. D The capsule provides protection while the cell wall replaces the cell membrane. Slide 9 / 47 Slide 10 / 47 7 Many prokaryotes demonstrate taxis, mainly 8 Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA found through the use of flagella. How do these bacteria within certain cells. How does the F plasmid utilize phototaxis? benefit an organism? A Bacteria utilize phototaxis to move towards or away from A The F plasmid benefits prokaryotes by providing chemical stimuli. resistance to some antibiotics. B Bacteria utilize phototaxis to move towards or away from B The F plasmid benefits prokaryotes by producing a flagella light, often for photosynthesis. that allows for movement. C Bacteria utilize phototaxis only to move away from light, to C The F plasmid benefits both prokaryotes and eukaryotes prevent temperature increases. by increasing genetic variability. D Bacteria utilize phototaxis only to locate other bacteria for D The F plasmid benefits prokaryotes by enabling the reproduction purposes. production of a sex pilus, increasing genetic variability. Slide 11 / 47 Slide 12 / 47 9 Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA found 10 If we assume that a bacterium can double every within certain cells. How does the R plasmid hour and all of the bacteria survive and reproduce benefit prokaryotes? at the same rate, how long will it take for one bacteria to reproduce into 1,000 bacteria? A R plasmids provide a bacterial cell with resistance to sexual reproduction, ensuring only identical offspring. A Approximately 11 hours B R plasmids provide a bacterial cell with resistance to Approximately 10 hours B certain antibiotics, increasing chances for survival. Approximately 24 hours C C R plasmids provide antibiotic resistance for both D Approximately 1000 hours prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, increasing cell survival. D R plasmids allow for the production of ribosomes, which make proteins for the prokaryotic cell.
Slide 13 / 47 Slide 14 / 47 11 What is the pattern of bacterial reproduction as The graph below represents the bacterial growth over a period of time for a specific bacterial species. Use this shown in the graph above? graph to answer questions 11 and 12. A The bacterial population doubles every 20 minutes. B The bacterial population increases by 20 cells every 20 minutes. C The bacterial population increases by 20 from 0 to 20 minutes then rises exponentially. D The bacterial population triples every 20 minutes. http://biologytb.net23.net/text/chapter16 Slide 15 / 47 Slide 16 / 47 12 Assuming that the same pattern of bacterial 13 Comparing and contrasting the process of reproduction continues, what can we project the transcription found within eukaryotic cells and bacterial population to be after another 60 prokaryotic cells, which of the following minutes? statements are accurate? A 10,240 bacteria A Transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. B 81,920 bacteria B Transcription occurs in the nucleus of both cell types. 163,840 bacteria C C Most prokaryotic cells perform translation only, only a few 40,960 bacteria D perform transcription. D Transcription utilizes DNA to produce RNA, but the DNA in prokaryotes is only single stranded. Slide 17 / 47 Slide 18 / 47 14 What is the role of the operator, as seen in the image above? The image below represents a particular section of a prokaryotic chromosome. Utilize this image to respond to questions 14 and 15 below: A The operator is where the RNA polymerase binds. B The operator is direct coding for the amino acid within the protein. C The operator alone determines whether or not the protein will be produced. http://microbiology.okstate.edu/faculty/demed2/Exams/spring%2019992.html D The operator acts as an on/off switch.
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