PROFESSIONAL FELLOWS PROGRAMME Legislative Process & Governance Alisa Rukbankerd Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission of Thailand
BACKGROUND Region: South-East Asia Area : 514,000 sq km Population : 68 millions (8 millions in Bangkok) Ethnic groups: Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11% Religions: Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% Languages: Thai, English (secondary language), ethnic and regional dialects 2
BACKGROUND Government: Democratic constitutional monarchy ( de jure ) Executive branch: Chief of state: H.R.H. King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X of the Chakri Dynasty) note: there is also a Privy Council Head of government: Prime Minister 3
ORGANISATION OF GOVERNMENT Central Government: - Consists of ministries (led by ministers) and departments (led by director general) - There are also independent central government agencies, which are not under any ministry, but are directly subject to the prime minister, e.g. Royal Thai Police, Bureau of the Royal Household 4
ORGANISATION OF GOVERNMENT Provincial Government: - Consists of provinces - 76 provinces (as of 2014) - Each province is led by a governor - Each province is divided into districts, led by district chiefs - Governors, district chiefs and district clerks are appointed by the central government 5
ORGANISATION OF GOVERNMENT Local Government: - Consists of cities (50,000 citizens), towns (10,000 citizens) and subdistrict municipalities - In each city municipality, the executive branch is led by a mayor, and the legislative branch is led by a municipal council. Both are directly elected by local citizens. 6
OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION (NACC) 7 7
- Established in 1999 under the Organic Act on Counter Corruption - Constitutionally-mandated independent agency - Broad powers and duties to prevent and combat corruption committed by - persons holding political positions - high-ranking public officials 8
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE NACC Office of the National Anti- Corruption Commission Secretary-General Deputy Secretary-Generals Assistant Secretary-Generals NACC Provincial Offices Supporting Mission Operating Mission 9
THE NATIONAL • One President and eight Commissioners • Non–renewable nine-year term ANTI-CORRUPTION • Conduct investigations into corruption cases including illicit enrichment and public COMMISSION (NACC) procurement fraud • Examine assets and liabilities of high-ranking public officials and politicians • Implement measures to prevent corruption • Provide international cooperation with regional and international counterparts 10
BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 11
https://nacc.go.th/tacc 12
PROFESSIONAL FELLOWS PROGRAMME Legislative Process & Governance U.S. Placement: City of Tukwila, WA Project Theme(s): Good Governance, Transparency, Civic Engagement Project Objective: Addressing challenge in introducing new legal concepts in Thailand’s anti-corruption legislative amendment 13
DEVELOPING THAI ANTI-CORRUPTION STANDARDS UNCAC UK Bribery Act US FCPA 14
HIGHLIGHTS: Public participation in legislative process and community development & collective action - Public hearing of the House Finance Committee on two bills intended to redirect Boeing’s tax breaks - CNU Lessons from Legacy & TIBAC Meeting – development of Tukwila International Boulevard - Public Sector Economic Development Summit for Elected Officials (e.g. growing jobs & opportunities and the region, measuring progress through regional dashboard) 15
MAJOR TAKEAWAYS: Public participation in legislative process and community development & collective action - Public Disclosure Commission (PDC) - promotion of transparency (and the work of NACC’s Asset Inspection Bureaus) - Association of Washington Cities (AWC) and its legislative advocacy 16
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