PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency zmf/aqan/2012 1

POINTS • Knowledge • National systems-HE reforms • National Quality Assurance bodies & NQF • Global Challenges • Regional QA networks-why • Regional framework approach • 3 Regional Networks – QA standards • Regional collaborations • AQAN • Overall efforts-commonalities • Critical factors zmf/aqan/2012 2

Knowledge & Reforms • Has become the single most important factor in economic development and global competitiveness • National reforms in education (& high education in the last 4 decades and still going strong • Global supply of learners • Rationalising challenges and strategies lead to various regional efforts zmf/aqan/2012 3

HE Reforms Challenges National EQA • Massification, universal access, ICT role • Universities - “corporate, business like” • Public good and export commodities • More autonomy but higher level of accountability • External controls and regulations • Flexibility, adaptability and relevancy of EQA systems • EQA must go global zmf/aqan/2012 4

National Quality Assurance Bodies • The role of national QA bodies that “takes care of the confidence systems of HE has the responsibility for assessing the quality of education, and of cultivating mutual benefits for all stakeholders out there-- nurturing confidence, uphold higher education as a public good, and the status of that higher education system at the international level. • 172 listed national quality assurance bodies in as full member with INQAAHE zmf/aqan/2012 5

National Qualifications Framework • Over 121 national qualifications frameworks • That all NQF should be beneficial to all key stakeholders-such as promote public understanding, harmonise qualifications, clarity, resolve barriers, promote LLL and progression, promote access, mobility and equal opportunity, human resource planning, supports employability, national needs and culture and create higher education space. • National EQA and IQA are built to ensure “compliance” zmf/aqan/2012 6

Managing Global Challenges and GATS • Regionalisation/regionalism • Geo-politic, economic factors, regional integration, and “ neighbourly assistance” • Professional accords at regional level and international standards • EU, Latin America, SADC, ASEAN, inter-regional initiatives (ASEM, EAS) zmf/aqan/2012 7

Regional Quality Assurance Bodies Networks 12 listed networks • INQAAHE • ENQA Regional • Central Europe Networks • Eastern Europe Meetings • Nordic countries “Convergence?” • ANQAHE Inter-regional • APQN collaborations • SADC • AQAN • Latin/Caribean-2 network • Professional associations in engineering Europe) • Many international Accords regulate professions zmf/aqan/2012 8

Regionalism: Higher Education Area WHY? l • Higher education space • Peer pressure • “ Harmonisation efforts” -not standardisation • Clear comparability frame • International transparency • International recognition • International mobility-identifying points of articulations • Building a common quality base • Quality students and workforce zmf/aqan/2012 9

Noted Approach By Networks • A commitment to develop common principles and practices in quality assurance • Scoping study-questionnaire, assessment of current national EQA, needs analysis • Common Glossary • Decide on strategies • Build framework • Capacity building and monitoring and review • Developing supporting guidelines and Instruments zmf/aqan/2012 10

3 Main Bodies-Regional Quality Assurance Standards • INQAAHE- Guide to Good Practices • ENQA- Bologna Process, ENQA Standards and Guide, ENQF • Asia Pacific Quality Network- Chiba Principles (Not covering regional qualifications frameworks or works of international organisations such UNESCO (regional conventions for recognition or guidelines on Cross Border Higher Education) , OCED or World Bank) zmf/aqan/2012 11

Guidelines of Good Practice in Quality Assurance (GGP-QA), INQAAHE (2007 revised) Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education (ESQ-QA), ENQA (2005) A Framework for Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles in the Asia Pacific Region (Chiba Principles), APQN (2008) zmf/aqan/2012 12

GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES • Governance – mandate, • Official status • Independent & autonomous • Mission & goals • Mission & goals structure, goals • QA policies-institutional • Human & • Human & financial resources • Human & Financial • Published policies, Financial Resources Resources procedures & review report • Reporting public • Accountability • Documentation of standards, information procedures – processes, decision & appeals • Periodic Reviews • Periodic reviews Published policy, • Collaboration • International Collaborations documentation, • Cross-Border Higher • Research cyclical external Education review Governance Resources Information Disclosure Continuous Improvement Independent & Autonomous zmf/aqan/2012 13

GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES • Relationship with • Evaluate IQA • QA on cyclical basis • Standards development institutions effectiveness • Requirements for • On regular basis -Stakeholders • QA process development performance - standards engagements • Requirements on Self • Published criteria -Stakeholders • Self Assessment, peer Evaluation & Reporting engagements • External evaluation – • Published criteria reviews & published • Process fit for purpose quality documents & report • Published report • Procedure on peer reviewers • Decisions • Follow up procedures Reviewers – non conflict • Appeals etc. of interest • Follow up procedures Process & Procedure Policy • Appeals Quality Documents & Reporting Stakeholders Engagement Self Assessment Peer Review Cyclical zmf/aqan/2012 14

ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES • Policy and procedures of QA • Enculturation of QA • Approval, monitoring & • QA alignment with review of programs institutional goals • QA of teaching staff • Policy and procedures of QA • Assessment of students • Approval, monitoring & • Learning resources and review of programs • QA of teaching staff student support • Information system • CQI strategies • Public information • Public information Policy Process & Procedure Educational Focus Public Outreach zmf/aqan/2012 15

GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES • Audit for INQAAHE’ • Stock-Taking of • APQN Endorsement of Compliance in Bi- Consideration of Compliance Annual Conference Membership • Listed into a of European Register on the Ministries of INQAAHE’s website Education zmf/aqan/2012 16

How comprehensive regional framework should be? Generic? Broad principles? META Strategies - Initiatives by ENQA From Bologna Process to • Lisbon Convention • Quality assurance standard & procedures • Communiqués • Declarations • Students • ECTS • ENQF-TVET • Tuning Project • Many others initiatives • Other countries benchmarking exercises zmf/aqan/2012 17

ASEAN-QA: Joint QA Capacity Development in QA in the ASEAN regi on Projects  DAAD: access to university network, years of experience in conducting regional QA project (DIES), DAAD offices on site … support developing  HRK: involved in QA policy, access to QA experts and network/s both countries in the in Germany and in Europe establishment of transnational quality  Potsdam University: QA best practice, international contacts to SEA, assurance systems experience with management of DIES projects  AUN: access to ASEAN universities, AUN-QA Initiative, AUN-model as reference point, AUN-CQO (trainers)  AQAN & ENQA: network of the agencies in the two regions, link to EQA  SEAMEO-RIHED: regional policy maker, connection to the political level  Regional QA Experts and staff from German agencies such as ASIIN, FIBAA

ASEAN Quality Agencies Network Initiatives for AQAAFHE Work In Progress zmf/aqan/2012 19

ASEAN Quality Agencies Network Initiatives for AQAAFHE EQAA Principles: EQA Process Principles: - generic guides pertaining to, among - generic guides pertaining to, among others, establishment, mandate and others, quality assurance policies, governance of a national quality standards and mechanisms applied by assurance agency the agency PROJECT’s PROPOSED FOCUS Regional Recognition Regional harmonization in higher education Qualifications Principles: Institutional QA Principles: - generic guides pertaining to the - generic guides pertaining to the characteristics of a national internal quality assurance arrangements qualifications framework or its sub set up by a higher education institution systems zmf/aqan/2012 20

Overall identifies “Commonalities…” • Recognise diversities • Recognise the primacy of national systems • Central place to institutional autonomy • QA is the responsibility of HEIs • acknowledge that QA is a generic term • Does not include detailed procedures • Provide only examples 21