Presentation to the NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL Counci cil Chamber - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PDF Compressor Pro The Co��ittee�s fi�di�gs a�e as follo�s: » Many Laboratories and Workshops are old with inappropriate furnishing. » Power and water supply problems. » Scanty and broken furniture. » Overcrowdedand overstretched(many double as lecture rooms). » Equipment and consumables are absent, inadequate or outdated. Kerosene stoves used as Bunsen burners in some laboratories. » Engineering Workshops operating under zinc sheds and trees. » In many universities, science-based Faculties are running �D�� La�� for lack of reagents and tools to conduct physical/real experiments. » No Cutting edge research equipment/facilities. No laboratory, workshop or library ranks among the top 1,000 in the world. » Where major equipment exists, the ratio to student, in some universities, is as high as 1:500.

PDF Compressor Pro Typical Chemistry Laboratory in Nigerian University …Stude�ts I�pro�ise to do their La� �ork

PDF Compressor Pro O�er�ro�ded �Dry La�� �A�i�al & E��iro��e�tal Biology Pra�ti�als�: U�i�. of Be�i�

PDF Compressor Pro Kerosene Stoves as Improvised Bunsen burners Chemistry Lab, University of Uyo Biochemistry Lab, University of Jos

PDF Compressor Pro Botany Laboratory at Unical: Stools donated by Students

PDF Compressor Pro � Dry La�� i� a�tio�: �o tools, �o reage�ts: Mai� Tea�hi�g La�oratory, Che�istry Dept., ABU )aria

PDF Compressor Pro Lab without Tools: 300 Level Biology and Biotechnology Class, Univ. of Benin

PDF Compressor Pro Good Facility without Equipment Physics Laboratory, Yobe State University, Damaturu

PDF Compressor Pro La�oratory i� �fair� �o�ditio�: OAU

PDF Compressor Pro Engineering Workshop in a University: Maiduguri

PDF Compressor Pro Obsolete Engineering Equipment Lagos State University OAU Ile-Ife

PDF Compressor Pro Architecture Studio at ABU Zaria

PDF Compressor Pro Mechanical Engineering (Automobile) Workshop: FUT Owerri

PDF Compressor Pro Agriculture Workshop: ATBU Bauchi

PDF Compressor Pro Central Research Lab: University of Ilorin

PDF Compressor Pro Central Engineering Workshop: Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

PDF Compressor Pro OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

PDF Compressor Pro Basic Learning Resources are unavailable or in short supply. For instance: less than 10% of the universities have  Video Conferencing facility. Less than 20% of the universities use  Interactive Boards (even the ones that deployed Interactive Boards are using them in less than 10% of their lecture rooms/theatres). More than 50% don’t use Public Address  System in their lecture rooms/theatres. Internet Services are non-existent, or  epileptic and slow. Library resources are outdated and manual.  No university library is fully automated. Less than 35% are partially automated.

PDF Compressor Pro Section of Kashim Ibrahim Library, ABU Zaria

PDF Compressor Pro Library, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni

PDF Compressor Pro Quantity Procured Quantity Required 1000 500 2,600 150 100 100 150 500 500 6 10 20 700 15 13 15 2 5,000 1500 4,930 250 150 150 180 500 500 4 5 10 300 5 3 3 0

PDF Compressor Pro PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

PDF Compressor Pro  There are 701 physical developme ment projects dotted across the universities in in the country. » 163 163 (23 23.3%) are abandoned projects » 538 538 (76 76.7%) are on on-going projects  These projects, when completed, would help greatly in in reducing the pressure on on existing facilities.  Some of of the abandoned projects are over 15 15 years old.  UNN UNN and UDUS have the highest numb mber of of abandoned projects (22 22 and and 16 16 respectively).  These abandoned projects are funded through Capital appropriation (Federal and State), NDDC and and IGR.  It is is noteworthy that while over 60 60% of of the on on- going projects are being funded by by TETFund, there is is no no abandoned TETFund project.

PDF Compressor Pro  All NDDC projects across the universities in the Niger Delta States are abandoned. About 84.6% of them are students’ hostels viz: % S/No Name of Facility University Completion 1 Students’ Hostel Fed. University of Technology, Akure 20% 2 Students’ Hostel Fed. Univ. of Pet. Resources , Effurun — 3 500- Room Students’ Hostel Fed. Univ. of Technology, Owerri 35% 4 Medical College Complex University of Benin 4 Students’ Hostel University of Port Harcourt 25% 5 300-Room Hostel Abia State University 20% 6 Students’ Hostel Ambrose Alli University 20% 7 Students’ Hostel Imo State University — 8 Laboratory Imo State University 9 500-Bed NDDC Hostel A Niger Delta University 10% 10 500-Bed NDDC Hostel B Niger Delta University 10% 11 Students’ Hostel University of Benin — 12 500-bed students hostel Adekunle Ajasin Univ., Akungba —

PDF Compressor Pro  Some States rely entirely on Federal intervention through TETFund for capital projects.  There are 20 projects at IBBU, Lapai, as follows: ON-GOING PROJECTS Source of % Abandoned Project Source of % Funding Completion Funding Completion Senate Building NSG 30% TETFund Construction of ICT Centre 10% 50% 2 No. Sci. Dept’l NSG TETFund Furnishing of ICT Centre 25% Building 50% TETFund Procurement ICT Equipment 25% 2No. Soc. Sci. NSG Dept’l Building TETFund Procurement of Generator Done Science Lecture 50% NSG Procurement of Auditorium theatre TETFund 25% Furniture Social Sci. Lecture 50% NSG theatre TETFund Procurement of Textbooks 40% Water works 35% NSG TETFund Equipping & Furnishing Lib. 25% Sporting Facilities 10% NSG Road networks 30% TETFund ICT equipment for Library 60% NSG Street Lights 20% NSG TETFund Central Laboratory 60% 10% Students’ Centre NSG TETFund Twin Theatre complex 60%

PDF Compressor Pro There are 8 on-going projects at the Nasarawa State University, Keffi. None of them is funded by the State Government viz: On-going Projects Funding Source % Completion Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Admin) TETFund 40% Construction of Fac. of Arts TETFund 31% Construction of Fac. Soc. Sci. TETFund 35% Construction of Fac. of Law Lib. TETFund 15% Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Law) TETFund 10% Academic Office Complex I TETFund 37% Academic Office Complex II TETFund 12% Postgraduate School CBN 10%

PDF Compressor Pro There are 9 out of 15 abandoned projects by the proprietor at CRUTECH and equal number of on-going projects with TETFund viz: S/No Abandoned Projects Funding % S/No Ongoing Projects Funding % 1 Guest House, Calabar Campus CRS 20% 1 Advanced Manufacturing CRS 50% Workshop 2. New Cafe Building, Calabar Campus CRS 35% 3. NDDC Hostel Building NDDC 25% 2. Foundry Workshop building CRS 45% 4. Hostel Block, Obubra Campus CRS 10% 3. Drawing Studio(400) CRS 90% 5. Staff Quarters, Obubra Campus CRS 10% 4. Renovation of Engineering CRS 80% 6. Sports Pavilion, Obubra Campus CRS 10% Faculty Laboratory/Office 7. Male Hostel, Obubra IBCA 30% 5. Postgraduate School Building TETFund 30% 8. Female Hostel 1, Obubra IBCA 25% 6. Faculty of Education Block TETFund 45% 9. Female Hostel 2, Obubra IBCA 20% 10. Cafeteria IBCA 10% 7. Faculty of Management Science TETFund 50% 11. Forestry Farm IBCA 35% Block 12. Water Project CRS 8. 2No Animal House TETFund 30% 13. Staff Offices CRS 9. Animal Farm House CRS 40% 14. Pavilion CRS 15. Residential Quarters CRS 10. Classroom/Lecture Hall TETFund 50%

PDF Compressor Pro Abandoned NDDC Medical College: University of Benin

PDF Compressor Pro One of the 22 Abandoned Projects at UNN

PDF Compressor Pro Abandoned Library Complex: NDU

PDF Compressor Pro TEACHING STAFF

PDF Compressor Pro In the course of our assignment, the Committee found that majority of the universities in the country are:  grossly under-staffed  rely heavily on part-time and visiting lecturers  have under-qualified Academics  bottom-heavy (with junior lecturers forming large chunk of the workforce)  only a few of them attract expatriate lecturers  have no effective staff development programme outside TETFund intervention and, potentially, the Presidential First Class Scholarship programme.  ��losed� (homogeneous staff – in terms of ethno-cultural background)

PDF Compressor Pro » Based on the available data, there are 37,504 Academics in Nigerian Public Universities. » 83% of the lecturers are male while 17% are female.

PDF Compressor Pro » 23,030 (61.0%) of the lecturers are employed in Federal universities while 14,474 (39.0%) teach in State Universities. » The teaching staff-students ratio is very high in many universities: National Open University of Nigeria 1:363 University of Abuja 1:122 Lagos State University 1:114 (Compare the above with Harvard 1:4; MIT 1:9; Yale 1:4, Cambridge 1:3; NUS 1:12; KFUPM 1:9; Technion 1:15).

PDF Compressor Pro  Teaching Staff distribution in the country, both by qualification and by rank, indicates that Nige�ia�s university system is in crisis of manpower.  Instead of having 100% of the Academics having PhDs, only about 43% do so. The remaining 57% have no PhDs.  Instead of having 75% of the Academics between Senior Lecturers and Professors, only about 44% are within the bracket while the remaining 56% are not.  Only 7 Universities have up to 60% of their teaching staff with PhD qualifications (i.e. IMSU, Unical, Ondo State Univ. of Science & Tech Okitipupa, NOUN, Uniport, Unilorin and Uniuyo).  While majority of the universities in the country are grossly understaffed, a few cases present a pathetic picture.

PDF Compressor Pro  There are universities in which the total number of Professors is not more than Five (5)! And total number of PhDs in the whole university is not up to Thirty (30)! Examples are:  the Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, established in 2001 (11 years old) with only 1 Professor and 25 PhD holders.  Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, established in 2006 has only 2 Professors and 5 PhDs.  Ondo State University of Science & Technology Okitipupa, established in 2008, has a total of 29 lecturers.  There is an increasing culture of visiting lecturership in the university system. Out of a total of 37,504 lecturers, only 28,128 (75%) are engaged on full-time basis.  This means that 9,376 (25%) are recycled as Visiting, Adjunct, Sabbatical and Contract lecturers.

PDF Compressor Pro  In the Gombe State University, only 4 out of 47 Profs are full-time and all 25 Readers are visiting.  In the Plateau State University, Bokkos, 74% of the lecturers are visiting.  In the Kaduna State University, only 24 out of 174 PhD holders are full-time staff.  The phenomenon seems unregulated or the regulation is defied. A tenure staff in one university can visit many universities, irrespective of distance, without any control.  Some Academics are always on the road travelling from one university town to another and unable to meet their primary obligations with their tenure-employer.  It is making some proprietors of State Universities to believe that they can run Universities without any programme for academic staff development and for recruiting full-time lecturers.

PDF Compressor Pro INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENT

PDF Compressor Pro » Over the past three years, the Universities have witnessed increase in publications:  7935 articles are published by the Universities per annum  There is also an average of 2504 citations per annum  3304 articles are in local journals published in-house  3288 are published other local journals  1343 are published in foreign journals » Teaching Staff in Nigerian universities published heavily in local journals (over 80%) majority of which have no visibility in the international knowledge community. This has a detrimental effect on the �eputatio� of Nige�ia�s a�ade�i�s . The TETFund initiative of supporting the Journals of Nigerian professional association would help. 102 journals have been supported in 2 Phases to improve their content including indexing and web. visibility. » No Nigerian academic is in the league of Nobel Laureates or a nominee of Nobel Prize. » There are only 2 registered patents owned by Nigerian Academics in the last 3 years.

PDF Compressor Pro NON-TEACHING STAFF

PDF Compressor Pro » Non-teaching staff in the university system are intended to provide administrative and technical support for the maintenance of infrastructural facilities (including laboratories and workshops etc.), the provision of payroll/personnel services, library support services are some of their key responsibilities that make the university system complete, effective and efficient. » In Nigerian universities, however, the disposition of Non- Teaching staff appears to redefine the objectives of the University: ˃ there are numerically more support staff in the services of the universities than the teaching staff they are meant to support – a scenario in which the tail is wagging the dog ˃ More expenditure is incurred in administration and routine functions than in core academic matters

PDF Compressor Pro » There are 77,511 full-time non-teaching staff in Nige�ia�s pu�li� u�i�e�sities. This is more than twice the total number of full-time teaching staff. » In most of the Universities, there are more non- teaching staff than teaching staff. In fact, the number of non-teaching staff in some Universities doubles, triples or quadruples that of teaching staff. » In some universities, the number of senior administrative staff alone is more than the number of teaching staff (e.g. Uniben, OAU Ile-Ife). » In the University of Benin, there are more senior staff in the Registrar cadre (Dep. Registrars, PARs, SARs) than Professors.

PDF Compressor Pro  Almost all the universities are over-staffed with non- teaching staff. The implication of this is over-blown personnel cost and misuse of available resources in the university system.  In a number of universities, in spite of the general glut of non-teaching staff, those that reached retirement age are still �etai�ed i� the u�i�e�sit� se��i�e �o� �o�t�a�t� �hile new recruitment still continues. This is partly responsible for the ballooning of the non-teaching staff.  Over 70% of non-teaching staff do not have a first degrees showing low professionalism or unqualified personnel in specific roles within the universities.

PDF Compressor Pro STUDENTS’ ENROLLMENT

PDF Compressor Pro The Committee found that: » There are 1,252,913 students in Nigerian Public Universities. ˃ 85% of the students are undergraduates ˃ 5% Sub-degree Sub-Degree, PG Masters, 5% 5% ˃ 3% Postgraduate diploma PG Diploma, 3% PhD, 2% ˃ 5% Masters students ˃ 2% PhD students Undergraduat es, 85% » 960,132 students (76.6%) are enrolled in 25 universities (16 Federal, 9 States). Overall, 798,661 students (63.7%) are enrolled in Federal Universities. 34 State Universities have 454,252 students (36.3%).

PDF Compressor Pro  About 43% of the students are female while 57% are male.  8 Universities (LASU, University of Abuja, Female 43 NOUN, Uniben, Uniport, ABU, MAU, Ekiti Male State University and Unimaid) account for 57 about 33% of total stude�ts� enrolment in Nigeria.  In contrast, 7 Universities put together have total student enrollment of less than 1% of the overall national figure i.e. 6,868 (0.5%). The universities with the least student enrollment are: • Ondo State University of Science & Technolgy (212 students) • Plateau State University, Bokkos(328 students) • Bauchi State University (445 students) • Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun (682 students) • Akwa Ibom State University (837 students) • Yobe State University, Damaturu (2113 students) • Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero (2251 students)

PDF Compressor Pro » Among the undergraduate students: ˃ 33.1% are studying courses in Arts and Social Sciences ˃ 33% are studying Management Sciences and Education courses ˃ 16% studying Science and Education-Science courses ˃ 6.3% are studying Engineering courses ˃ 5% studying Medicine ˃ 3.9% Studying Agriculture ˃ 1.4% studying Pharmacy ˃ 1.3% studying Law » Indeed the current enrollment is a reversal of the National Policy as the current Science to Non-science ratio of 32:68 instead of 60:40 » There is no relationship between enrollment and the tangible manpower needs of the nation.

PDF Compressor Pro There are 1,252,913 students in 61 public universities in Nigeria. In 2012, some 1,503,931 candidates sat for the UTME examinations, more than the total current enrollment in public universities. The crisis of access remains while quality is also a major challenge. The Committee found out that compared to developing countries with high and medium populations, the carrying capacity of our Universities is very low in relation to the Open University system, the hybrid (Open and in situ ) system and conventional universities as follows:

PDF Compressor Pro The Open University system S/No. University Enrollment 1. NOUN 57,759 2. Indira Gandhi NOU (India) 3,500,000 3. Allama Iqbal OU (Pakistan) 1,121,038 4. Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur 600,000 The Hybrid system S/No. University Enrollment 1. LASU 90,885 2. University of Abuja 62,528 3. Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey 1,141,180 4. Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 818,150

PDF Compressor Pro Conventional System S/No. University Enrollment 1. ABU Zaria 49,436 2. University of Ibadan 33,481 3. University of Nigeria, Nsukka 23,815 4. University of Buenos Aires, Argentina 316,050 5. National Autonomous University of 314,557 Mexico 6. University of South Africa, Pretoria 250,000 7. Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 200,000 Nigeria needs to understudy these countries in expanding access to university education based on the three modes of enrollment.

PDF Compressor Pro HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION

PDF Compressor Pro » The provision of decent hostel accommodation to at least 50% of the student population in any residential university is proving to be an uphill task for Nigerian universities. » University managers have, over the years, been unable to diversify their means of providing hostel accommodation and associated facilities to students. » The management styles of students accommodation is generally ineffective and has left majority of the hostel facilities in state of disrepair. » There has been, over the last two decades, an upsurge of stude�ts� populatio� i� al�ost all Nige�ia� universities but there was no commensurate improvement of accommodation and other student services.

PDF Compressor Pro  Consequently, there is a lot of pressure on the available accommodation facilities. As a result, there is: • rapid deterioration of hostel facilities • overcrowding and undue congestion in rooms • overstretched lavatory and laundry facilities • poor sanitation, etc.  These conditions, coupled with the general condition of the universities, produce graduates that lack confidence and sometimes even self- worth.

PDF Compressor Pro The Committee found that: There are about 109,509 (representing 10.3% of total student population) on-campus hostels bed spaces across all public universities in Nigeria. Except NDA Kaduna, no university in Nigeria is able to accommodate more than 35% of its students. Less than 1% of the hostels are provided via PPP All Federal Universities charge Ninety Naira only (N90.00) per bed space per session plus hostel maintenance fee that varies between Five thousand Naira only (N5,000.00) to Twenty thousand Naira (N20,000.00). The hostels attract an average fee of N6,000 for maintenance, while each bed space costs at least N90 per session. There are however many universities that chargehigher than this.

PDF Compressor Pro The lavatories in most of the hostels of Nigerian universities are both inadequate and unfit for human use. This is not surprising given the average ratio of toilet to users of 1:20. The unhealthy condition of lavatories is forcing some students to use the bush and/or the surrounding compounds of the hostels as open toilets. This poses serious health hazard. In some universities (e.g. MOUAU), female students take their bath in the open because the bathrooms are in very poor condition. The hostels are infested with rodents. Laundries and common rooms in many universities have been converted into rooms where students live. In these improvised rooms, there is no limit to the number of occupants.

PDF Compressor Pro  In a few universities (e.g. KASU Kaduna), there are private hostels on campus jointly owned by universities and private developers or fully owned by the private developers. They charge between N25,000.00 - N100,000.00 per session.  In a few other universities (e.g. University of Ibadan), the management of university-owned hostels has been outsourced. In such cases, the cost of bed space is a bit more expensive. But the halls are more decent, less congested and properly maintained.  A few universities are fully non-residential: LAUTECH, Osun State University Osogbo, OOU Ago-Iwoye and IMSU or partially residential in favour of medical and some female students like AAU Akungba).  There are some 12 abandoned NDDC hostel projects.

PDF Compressor Pro  More than 70% of the universities-owned hostels require minor rehabilitation or major reconstruction.  Most State universities charge commercial rates for hostel accommodation. This however forced some students to live in �stude�ts �illages� scattered around university campuses. In TSU Jalingo and KWASU Malete, there are unoccupied rooms because students cannot afford the rates.  In most universities, there is sufficient land to develop more hostels but the universities cannot utilize capital votes for provision of hostel accommodations. There is need to review this policy.  Considering the general condition of university-owned hostels where university students live, it is easy to see why the self- esteem of Nigerian students is eroding and their self-confidence shrivelling very fast.  In off-campus hostels, students are susceptible to extraneous influences and violence (cultism, prostitution, rape, gang violence, armed robbery and brigandage).

PDF Compressor Pro FEMALE HOSTEL AT DELSU, ABRAKA

PDF Compressor Pro DANFODIO HOSTEL, ABU ZARIA

PDF Compressor Pro STUDENTS� HOSTEL AT EBSU, ABAKALIKI

PDF Compressor Pro Cooking in Congested Bedroom, University of Benin

PDF Compressor Pro Male Hostel: KSUST Aliero

PDF Compressor Pro I�side Stude�ts� ‘oo�: KUST, Wudil

PDF Compressor Pro Inside the Female Hostel, MOUA Umudike

PDF Compressor Pro Inside the Female Hostel, AAU Akungba, Akoko, Ondo State

PDF Compressor Pro Female Dormitory: 12 per room

PDF Compressor Pro Laundry turned into Hostel Room: Univ. of Maiduguri

PDF Compressor Pro Male Hostel, Malabo Republic, University of Calabar