14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 1 European PRELIMINARY RESULTS Reference OF THE QA/QC Laboratory for PROGRAMME FOR Air Pollution PM 10 /PM 2.5 IN EUROPE C. A. Belis, F. Lagler, L. Emblico and A. Borowiak European Commission, Joint Research Centre IES, ERLAP
CEN European PM standard: Why? 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 2 Standard Method to serve for purpose of EU - AQD => Harmonisation PM measurements in EU => Improve Data Quality PM measurements Different implementations of the standard method or different users of the standard method same/ comparable/ equivalent results!
CEN: European PM standard 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 3 • No primary standard feasible • By convention : P rescribed S tandard I nstrument, to serve as => “highest standards” - not necessarily best metrological one – – PM Standard Sampler dimensional properties – sampler materials – filter type(s) – sample flow rates – procedures for filter conditioning – weighing procedures
CEN: the standards 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 4 The standards: EN 12341 (1999): 3 reference methods (LVS, HVS, WRAC) + equivalence test method EN 14907 (2005): High Vol method (30 m 3 /h) and Low Vol method (2.3 m 3 /h) Equivalence guideline: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/test_equival encev31004.xls “Demonstration of Equivalence of ambient air monitoring methods” -under revision-
JRC – AQUILA PM QA/QC programme 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 5 Objectives: • To provide information on the comparability of PM 10 measurements as implemented by the NRLs with those of JRC (ERLAP) • To investigate the comparability of routine PM 10 measurements at network monitoring stations with those of JRC • To assess, in the field, the comparability of reference and equivalent methods and the achievement of the data quality objectives (DQO) • To assess the state of implementation and use of correction factors for automatic monitors in the monitoring networks that are used in reporting under Directive 2008/50/EC
JRC – AQUILA PM QA/QC programme 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 6 Methodology: • one urban background site in each visited country • parallel measurements between JRC, National Reference Laboratory and Network monitoring stations/Institution performing routine assessment • two weeks of parallel measurements (14 samples)
JRC – AQUILA PM QA/QC programme 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 7 Methodology: Network monitoring station / • Two reference samplers PM 10 NRL / institute responsible for • Reference sampler PM 2.5 PM correction factors in Member States: • Sampler PM 1 Minimum requirement: PM 10 • OPC (size range 0.3 – 20 µm) reference • TEOM FDMS (PM 10 ) • EC/OC semi-continuous parallel measurements • Meteo (T, P, wind)
JRC – AQUILA PM QA/QC programme 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 8 Sites: 2006 2008 1. Spain - Madrid 11. France - Paris 2. Portugal - Lisbon 12. The Netherlands – Biest 3. Slovenia - Ljubljana 13. United Kingdom – Port Talbot 4. Austria - Graz 14. Ireland - Dublin 5. Czech Republic - Prague 15. Belgium - Antwerp 6. Germany - Wiesbaden 16. Italy - Milan 2007 2009 7. Finland - Helsinki 17. Hungary - Budapest not included 8. Denmark - Copenhagen in this 18. Slovakia - Bratislava 9. Sweden - Stockholm evaluation 10. Estonia - Tallinn 18 MS/ 27 MS
Sites visited during the PM QA/QC 2006 - 2009 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 9 Urban Traffic Rural background
QA/QC programme for PM: procedures followed 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 10 1. Flow check gravimetric samplers Requirements of EN14907 for PM2.5 applied to all samplers Tolerance: ± 2% of nominal flow 2. Continuous PM 10 monitor maintenance • Cleaning of sampling head • Cleaning of sampling tubes and switching valve • Cross-check of built-in temperature and pressure sensors to certified sensors • Pump verification • Verification / exchange of inline filters • Verification of the calibration constant (K 0 )
QA/QC programme for PM: procedures followed 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 11 3. Weighing procedures and filter conditioning • 1 µg balance resolution annually certified • Climate-controlled weighing room with temperature control at 20 ± 1 °C and RH 50 ± 5 % • Quartz fiber filters, visually checked for defects prior to use • Check of laboratory balances with standard (± 10 µg) weights before any weighing session • Filter conditioning parameters properly observed: • conditioned for 48 hours • filters weighed twice within 24 h interval
Concentration range for all campaigns 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 12 PM10 Basic Statistics Me dia n; Box: 25% -75 %; Whisker: m in-ma x 180 M e d i a n 2 5 % - 7 5 % R a n g e 160 140 120 100 µg m -3 80 60 40 20 0 Czech Rep. Spain Portugal Slovenia Austria Germany Denmark Sweden Finland Estonia Netherlands Belgium France Ireland United Kingdom Italy
Robustness of the reference value 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 13 Uncertainties for PM 10 –JRC Between sampler uncertainty "u field 2 " in μ g/m 3 Measurement site samplers A and B: Madrid 0.62 Lisbon 0.64 (Calculation in accordance Ljubljana 0.06 with EN14907, 9.3, eq.7) Graz 0.99 Prague 0.09 2 2 2 μ g/m 3 = + + 2 2 2 ( / * / 100 ) Wiesbaden 0.54 u u u V C u c field m f Copenhagen 4.08 Stockholm 7.44 Helsinki 1.73 u field 2 Tallinn 0.30 Biest - Houtakker 0.36 Median: Borgerhout 0.72 Paris 0.14 0.45 μ g/m 3 Dublin 0.15 Port Talbot 0.33 Milan 0.1
Robustness of the reference value 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 14 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 ( / * / 100 ) μ g/m 3 u u u V C u c field m f 90.00 80.00 Example: NL, B, F, IRE, UK Entire JRC data set 70.00 E n – numbers: 60.00 Data pairs: 230 50.00 µg/m3 Only 2 E n -numbers >1 40.00 (1.06, 1.21) 30.00 Median: 0.21 20.00 10.00 0.00 time
PM 2.5 and PM 1 to PM 10 ratio(%) 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 15 100.0 Avg., min, max 90.0 80.0 (JRC) 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 / PM 0 1 20.0 PM 5 10.0 . 2 0.0 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 / PM 0.0 0 r n 1 a n t t d e m n e u n n z e i s o n k n u e k i o n i a g o i l b a r l n r b a d o k d b g i h a PM r a l l l G a i a a i j a h s l u M a s l a r P h b b l t e D T M r k i n e T u L u P s c g 1 H e o t e j o r r L H p o o t W i S o B P - C t s e i B
PM 2.5 and PM 1 to PM 10 ratio(%) 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 16 Scatter plot ratios PM2.5 / PM1 JRC y = 0.8238x - 0.0411 R 2 = 0.9179 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 PM 1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 PM 2.5
All participants: PM 10 compliance with DQO 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 17 PM 10 all labs PM 10 > “LV” (37.5 µg/m 3 ) PM 10 all data (y: LV / p: HV / b: online) 932 daily avg. 270 daily avg. 150 n > DQO = 98 (10.5%) n > DQO = 22 (8.2%) 100 50 % deviation PM 2.5 all data PM 2.5 > ”LV” (18.75 µg/m 3 ) 0 334 daily avg. 146 daily avg. -50 n > DQO = 83 (24.9%) n > DQO = 31 (21.2%) -100 24 h average over time
PM 10 grouped by sampler & filter type 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 18 PM10 - Low Vol Samplers upper limit low er limit 150 Zambelli PTFE Sw am Quartz Sw am Quartz Seq Leckel Quartz Seq Leckel Quartz 100 Seq Leckel Glass Seq Leckel PTFE IVL unknow n % deviation from target IVL unknow n 50 FH95KF nitrocell FH95KF glass Seq Derenda LVS glass Seq Derenda LVS quartz 0 Derenda MVS 6.1 quartz Derenda MVS 6.1 quartz Tecora quartz Tecora unknow n Tecora PTFE -50 Derenda 3.1-15(LVS) quartz Partisol PTFE Partisol PTFE Partisol glass -100 Partisol quartz all 24 h averages over time filter type: � quartz , � glass fiber, − PTFE, � cellulose nitrate
PM 2.5 automatic analyzers / sampling line temperature 14 th EIONET WORKSHOP on AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 5-6 th October 2009 19 upper limit PM2.5 - Automatic analyzers lower limit FH62IR 30 deg 60 Teom 50 deg Teom FDMS 30 deg SM200 40 deg Swam no heating 40 Swam no heating Grimm 180 no heating FH62IR 40 deg FH62IR dynamic heating 20 t e rg ta dyn heat 0 m fro 40° C n tio ia -20 30° C v e d % -40 -60 -80 24 h averages over time
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