Post E vent Data Collection Case Studies Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering EERI & DOGAMI: Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance Workshop Portland, Oregon, April 9, 2018
Nepal 2015 Italy 2015 Napa 2014 China 2014 AB, MO EF AB,EF, MO HW Michael Olsen Andre Barbosa • Geomatics • Structures • Hazard Mapping • Critical facilities • Resilience Mexico Chile Japan 2011 NZ 2011, Erica Fischer Haizhong Wang 2017 2010 MO NZ 2017 • Structures • Transportation AB,EF, HW MO MO • Utility Networks • Mobility
Geomatics Michael Olsen Michael.Olsen@oregonstate.edu
Geomatics Tech + Applications
3D Laser Scanning – Web viewer 2016 Kaikoura E arthquake Structural Geotechnical Coastal Transportation Michael Olsen
Seeing the full picture • Unprecedented quantity and quality of data • High-resolution, systematic data collection (reduce biases; increase certainty) • Shift from 2D to 3D\ 4D; leads to new analysis and scientific approaches that consider the 3D\ 4D nature of these hazards and the systems affected by them • Broad range of spatial and temporal scales • Collection and integration of engineering, and natural and social science data sets • Greatly expanded community of reconnaissance investigators Damaged Train Culvert, New Zealand, GEER 2016 Michael Olsen
UAS and TLS APPLICATIONS Geotechnical Structural • • Liquefaction\Lateral Structural deformations\ spreading displacements\ deflections\ • Landslide\slope stability rotations • • Coastal erosion Shear and other crack • Settlement analysis (orientation, location, • Scour (depth distribution and distribution, width (larger volume) cracks), etc.) • • Surface rupture Bridge collapse analysis • • Quay, retaining & sea wall Spalled concrete failures quantification • • Topographic analysis Concrete wall blow-out/in • Sediment accretion failure analysis • • Subsidence Permanent soil structure • Geomorphic change interactions • detection Fatigue analysis
UAS and SFM in RE CON • TLS preserves the data virtually, so you can explore anytime, anywhere without safety concerns and logistics -> Virtual Time Capsule • TLS provides data to generate, validate, and/or calibrate numerical models • For structural analysis, TLS provides more information than can typically be used in current models • TLS records vital information regarding surrounding terrain and objects -> helps place the interpretation of the data in context TLS maps the location, distribution, and patterns of deformations compared • to relatively few traditional measurements and observations Michael Olsen
Structures Andre Barbosa Andre.Barbosa@oregonstate.edu Erica Fischer erica.fischer@oregonstate.edu
Building E valuations Mexico City, 2017 • Green : – “Low Risk”: No Restriction Credit: N. Trujillo Reid Middleton • Yellow : – “Serious Damage”/”Uncertain Risk”: Restricted access • Red : – “High Risk”: No access https://plataforma.cdmx.gob.mx/ GREEN: 10,140 YELLOW: 3,814 RED: 3,229 PINK: 1,109 Erica Fischer and Erik Bishop
Damage Assessment Urban Centers Nepal, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1193/010817EQS009M
Damage Assessment Urban Centers 19 19 Number of Biuildings 15 15 13 11 10 9 9 9 7 6 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Damage Level 2-story 3-story 4-story 5-story Barbosa and Olsen https://doi.org/10.1193/010817EQS009M
Damage Assessment Urban Centers Dan Gillins, Michael Olsen, Andre Barbosa Nepal, 2015 UAV flight plan for damage assessment
Correlation of UAV based damage assessment with visual damage assessment
1600 overlapping photos were taken with Sony A5000 and Go-Pro Hero cameras mounted on multi-rotor UAVs. The photos were processed in Structure-from- Motion software to output 3D models and ortho-rectified aerial imagery. These outputs were geo-referenced to real-world coordinates by establishing ground control points in the study area by a static differential GPS survey (Dan Gillins)
Impact of Retrofits Cripple Walls Napa, 2014 Cripple wall collapse Cripple wall, and porch roof collapsed (Photo: B. Mathieson and J. Maffei)
Impact of Retrofits Cripple Walls Retrofit Success: Cripple wall and sliding failures are preventable with inexpensive retrofits (Photos: S. Pryor) Yellow house: cripple wall failure. • • Blue house: Retrofitted taller house with taller cripple wall did not fail Napa, 2014
Impact of Policy Change Unreinforced Masonry Minimal retrofit with wall-to-floor ties • Failures were typically observed where walls lack ties to roof and/or walls, but also some instances where some ties were present. Napa, 2014 Brick masonry, no retrofit
Impact of Policy Change Unreinforced Masonry Clearly retrofitted. Photo: Marko Schotanus Photo: David McCormick
Unreinforced Masonry
Detailed Damage Assessment Andre Barbosa, Michael Olsen Nepal, 2015
Detailed Damage Assessment Post-earthquake Dynamic Characterization of Frequencies, Mode Shapes, and Damping Nepal, 2015
Detailed Damage Assessment Nepal, 2015
Detailed Damage Assessment https://doi.org/10.1193/051017EQS087M Nepal, 2015 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00011/full
Critical Facilities Andre Barbosa Andre.Barbosa@oregonstate.edu Erica Fischer erica.fischer@oregonstate.edu Lifelines and Interdependencies Michael Olsen Andre Barbosa Andre.Barbosa@oregonstate.edu Andre.Barbosa@oregonstate.edu Erica Fischer Haizhong Wang erica.fischer@oregonstate.edu Haizhong.Wang@oregonstate.edu
Lifelines Interdependencies Performance of critical facilities after an earthquake EERI Resilience Observatory Framework Based on preliminary data (by Erica Fischer) Performance of Business continuity engineered lifeline Performance of after the earthquake infrastructure community after the earthquake Mexico, 2017 Erica Fischer and Andre Barbosa
Highway Structures NCHRP Report 833 Developed a process for assessing highway structures in emergency situations. • • Developed guidelines for coding and marking. • Produced training and implementation material. • Prepared materials in a format that facilitates acceptance and adoption (e.g., AASHTO). • Improved coordination with other agencies who are involved in emergency response. Bridges Tunnels Culverts Walls Embankments Overhead Signs Michael Olsen (PI), Andre Barbosa; Marc Veletsos; Zhiqiang Chen; MPN Components; Advanced Infrastructure Design
Data Collection E xperiential E vacuation Drills 8/10 (Light Blue (NEW)) — HMSC-REU/OMSI After Dark 2 7/13 (Violet) — HMSC-REU After Dark 1 6/26 (Turquoise) — CCE SURF students 6/16 (Brown) — HMSC evacuation 5/11 (Orange) — OPRD, SBSP 2/18 (Magenta) — First try ABM (Yellow Triangle) Haizhong Wang
Data Collection E xperiential E vacuation Drills Use of Smartphone App to Track Individuals in Drills Haizhong Wang
Conclusion • Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) can be extremely useful at the urban and infrastructure element scale for post-event data collection since it: – Has multiple applications and allows for data to be preserved and visualized data virtually, so you can explore anytime, anywhere without safety concerns and logistics -> Virtual Time Capsule – Maps the location, distribution, and patterns of damage, compared to relatively few traditional measurements and observations – Provides more information than can typically be used in current analysis models • Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) can be extremely useful to characterize damage at an Urban Scale, and also at the infrastructure element scale • Detailed damage assessments can rely on structural health monitoring tools combined combined with TLS and UAS. Restoration time and recovery data need to be collected (currently lacking) • • Evacuation drills and apps allow for communication of the risk, and also to train systems for data collection during/after the event
Thank you! andre.barbosa@oregonstate.edu
Virtual E arthquake Reconnaissance Team (VE RT) Email VERT Co-Chairs : Erica Fischer erica.fischer@oregonstate.edu Manny Hakhameneshi manny.hakha@gmail.com
What is VE RT? Team of EERI Mem bers that assist EERI virtually after an earthquake Blogging/ curating EERI Clearinghouse Interfacing with on-site EERI members Assisting EERI Learning from Earthquake team prepare for deployment Assisting reconnaissance team members post-process data Participating in potential research projects
What has VE RT done so far? Nepal (2015) Virtual earthquake clearinghouse blogging Post-processing photos and data from field Topics: Ecuador (2016) Hospitals Virtual earthquake clearinghouse blogging Schools Post-processing photos and data from field Infrastructure Assisting Exponent in mini-research project Geotechnical issues Taiwan (2016) Seismicity Virtual earthquake clearinghouse blogging Emergency Response Post-processing photos and data from field … and more! Italy (2016 & 2017) Virtual earthquake clearinghouse blogging Mexico (Puebla-Morelos & Chiapas) (2017) Virtual earthquake clearinghouse blogging
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