PoP - - An Automated An Automated PoP Policy Replacement Policy Replacement Architecture for PBNM Architecture for PBNM Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville Granville Lisandro Zambenedetti Gustavo Augusto Faraco Augusto Faraco de de Sá Coelho Sá Coelho Gustavo Maria Janilce Bosquiroli Janilce Bosquiroli Almeida Almeida Maria Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sul Federal University of Rio Grande do
Outline Outline � Motivation Motivation � � Policy review Policy review � � PoP PoP - - Policy of Policies Policy of Policies � � PoP PoP architecture architecture � � Conclusions and future work Conclusions and future work � PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 2 PoP 2
Motivation Motivation � In QoS In QoS- -enabled networks, administrators are forced enabled networks, administrators are forced � to use different solutions to proceed with policy to use different solutions to proceed with policy deployment and QoS monitoring deployment and QoS monitoring Policy deployment Policy deployment QoS monitoring QoS monitoring and replacement and replacement PBNM system Monitoring system PBNM system Monitoring system PBNM system Monitoring system Managed network Managed network Managed network PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 3 PoP 3
Motivation Motivation � How to integrate policy deployment and QoS How to integrate policy deployment and QoS � monitoring? monitoring? � How to automate policy replacement? How to automate policy replacement? � Policy deployment Policy deployment PBNM system Monitoring system PBNM system Monitoring system PBNM system Monitoring system Policy Policy replacement replacement Managed network Managed network Managed network PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 4 PoP 4
Policy review Policy review � A policy can be composed by one policy rule, A policy can be composed by one policy rule, � creating a simple policy, or a policy can be creating a simple policy, or a policy can be composed by two or more policy rules, creating composed by two or more policy rules, creating more complex policies more complex policies � Composed policies ease the policy maintenance Composed policies ease the policy maintenance � task, since they keep together rules with common task, since they keep together rules with common goals goals PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 5 PoP 5
Policy review Policy review � Example: policy composed by four rules Example: policy composed by four rules � Rule 1 : : ERP and Sales applications receive highest priority ERP and Sales applications receive highest priority Rule 3 : : HTTP traffic from office HTTP traffic from office Rule 1 Rule 3 if (Application = ERP) (Application = ERP) or or (Application = Sales) (Application = Sales) if if (Application = HTTP) if (Application = HTTP) then Priority = 4 Priority = 4 and (User = Executive) (User = Executive) then and then then Rule 2 : : VoIP VoIP Up to 256Kbps: Priority = 3 Rule 2 Up to 256Kbps: Priority = 3 if (Application = (Application = VoIP VoIP) ) and and Up to 0.5Mbps: Priority = 2 if Up to 0.5Mbps: Priority = 2 ((User = executive) or or (User = Sales)) (User = Sales)) ((User = executive) Else : Priority = 1 Else : Priority = 1 then then One- -Way Way- -Delay < 400ms Delay < 400ms One Rule 4 : : Other is basically best effort Other is basically best effort Rule 4 MAX_BW < 64Kbps ; per call MAX_BW < 64Kbps ; per call if (Application = Other) if (Application = Other) MAX_AGGR_BW < 512Kbps ; for all calls MAX_AGGR_BW < 512Kbps ; for all calls then Priority = 0 then Priority = 0 PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 6 PoP 6
Policy review Policy review � Administrators are expected to have, even Administrators are expected to have, even � informally, a business plan of actions for the most informally, a business plan of actions for the most common degradation situations common degradation situations � Example: Example: � • Policy #1 for normal conditions Policy #1 for normal conditions • • Policy #2 for Policy #2 for VoIP VoIP degradations degradations • • Policy #3 for ERP degradations Policy #3 for ERP degradations • • Policy #4 for general problems Policy #4 for general problems • • … … • PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 7 PoP 7
Policy review Policy review � Policy replacement is a task manually executed by Policy replacement is a task manually executed by � administrators. Besides overloading them, policy administrators. Besides overloading them, policy replacement can be badly executed or can be replacement can be badly executed or can be delayed because it depends on human intervention delayed because it depends on human intervention � Although grouping policies allows for keeping rules Although grouping policies allows for keeping rules � with common objectives together, there is still a lack with common objectives together, there is still a lack of another mechanism that allows the automation of of another mechanism that allows the automation of the replacement of such policies when special the replacement of such policies when special events are observed events are observed PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 8 PoP 8
PoP - - Policy of Policies Policy of Policies PoP � Our approach: Our approach: � • Allow the creation of higher level policies ( Allow the creation of higher level policies (PoPs PoPs) to ) to • coordinate the replacement of standard policies coordinate the replacement of standard policies � Thus, Thus, PoPs PoPs can be seen as meta can be seen as meta- -policies designed policies designed � to orchestrate the deployment and replacement of to orchestrate the deployment and replacement of standard QoS policies when special events occur standard QoS policies when special events occur • Such special events are typically triggered when Such special events are typically triggered when • problems in previously deployed policies are identified problems in previously deployed policies are identified PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 9 PoP 9
PoP - - Policy of Policies Policy of Policies PoP � PoP PoP requires: requires: � • References to every possible policy that can be References to every possible policy that can be • deployed in a policy target (policy #1, #2, #3, #4, …), deployed in a policy target (policy #1, #2, #3, #4, …), either for direct deployment or defined to be the either for direct deployment or defined to be the replacement of other policies replacement of other policies • Identification of events that can trigger a policy Identification of events that can trigger a policy • replacement replacement PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 10 PoP 10
PoP - - Policy of Policies Policy of Policies PoP � PoPs PoPs are defined through a finite state machine are defined through a finite state machine � T1 T1 S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 script: S1 script: S2 script: S2 script: action 1 action 1 action 1 action 1 action 2 action 2 action 2 action 2 : : : : action n action n action m action m PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 11 PoP 11
PoP - - Policy of Policies Policy of Policies PoP � Example: Example: � S1 1 : : remove remove all all S VoIPproblem VoIPproblem GeneralProblem GeneralProblem deploy Policy1 Policy1 deploy S2 2 S S2 S2 2 : : remove remove Policy1 Policy1 S Normal Normal ERPproblem ERPproblem deploy Policy2 Policy2 deploy GeneralProblem GeneralProblem S1 1 S4 4 S S S1 S4 S3 3 : : remove remove Policy1 Policy1 S Normal Normal remove Policy2 Policy2 remove Normal Normal deploy Policy3 Policy3 deploy S3 3 S S3 S4 4 : : remove remove all all S ERPproblem ERPproblem GeneralProblem GeneralProblem deploy Policy4 Policy4 deploy PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 12 PoP 12
PoP architecture architecture PoP PR (policy PR ( policy PR (policy UI (user user interface) interface) UI ( UI (user interface) repository) repository ) repository) ES #1 (event source event source) ) ES #1 ( ES #1 (event source) IM (internal manager internal manager) ) IM ( IM (internal manager) … … EI EI IPR (internal internal IPR ( IPR (internal PR) PR) PR) IPDP (internal internal PDP) PDP) IPDP ( IPDP (internal PDP) ES #2 (event source event source) ) ES #2 ( ES #2 (event source) PDP (policy decision point policy decision point) ) PDP ( PDP (policy decision point) PEP (policy enforcement point policy enforcement point) ) PEP ( PEP (policy enforcement point) PoP - - POLICY 2002 POLICY 2002 13 PoP 13
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