Poly lymer Mod odif ific icatio ion of f Perovskit ite Sola olar Cells lls to to Inc ncreas ase Open- Circuit t Volt oltag age Mikhail Masharin, 1 Dmitry Gets, 1 Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, 1 Sergey Makarov, 1 and Anvar Zakhidov 1,2 1) Department of Physics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation 2) Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA Introduction Simulation Experimental setup Results Conclusion Organo-halide perovskites is a new perspective material for photovoltaics, As a result, we obtained increasing of open-circuit voltage (V oc ), probably due to p-i-n structure formation, and falling of short-circuit current due to especially for tandem solar cells. For three and more layers in perovskite increasing series resistance. Also, we found slowing down V oc falling with tandem cells, mixed-anion perovskites are needed. However, there are several problems with mixed anion perovskite solar cells and one of the possible ways increasing PEO concentration after device biasing under external sun light to increase its performance is to insert PEO inside perovskite layers to and electric field, which could be associated with slowing down p-i-n passivate defects and freeze p-i-n structure inside perovskite layer. structure disappearing. References: [1] Deng, Y., Xiao, Z. & Huang, J. Light-induced self-poling effect on organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells for increased device efficiency and stability. Adv. Energy Mater. 5 , 1 – 6 (2015)
Polymer er Mo Modi dific fication on of Perov ovsk skite e Solar ar Cells s to Increase ase Open en-Circui uit Voltag age e Mikhail Masharin, Dmitry Gets, Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, Sergey Makarov, and Anvar Zakhidov Introduction Theory Experimental setup Results Conclusion Briefly about perovskites Ion migration in perovskites X=0 Cl x Br 3-x Y=3 Br y I 3-y X=3 Y=0 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength emission, nm Organo-halide perovskite is a new perspective material for There is a phenomenon of an ion migration in perovskites. Ions of anion and cation have implementation in a very wide area, that has ABX 3 structure. local levels near the valence and the conduction band and therefore perovskites is able to self-dope by its ions [4] . It can lead to increasing of open-circuit voltage of the device and Perovskite is a direct-gap semiconductor and its band gap is tunable by changing the perovskite composition (from 1.5eV to thus to efficiency increasing. However, this phenomenon is temporally and to freeze it, 3eV )[2]. Today, efficiency of perovskite solar cells achieved 25.2% we inserted polymer PEO in the perovskite layer to stabilize p-i-n structure References References [2] Eperon, G. E. et al Energy Environ. Sci. 7 , 982 – 988 (2014). [4] Yin, W. J., Shi, T. & Yan, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 , (2014). [3] NREL. URL: https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cellefficiency.html.
Polymer er Mo Modi dific fication on of Perov ovsk skite e Solar ar Cells s to Increase ase Open en-Circui uit Voltag age e Mikhail Masharin, Dmitry Gets, Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, Sergey Makarov, and Anvar Zakhidov Introduction Theory Experimental setup Results Conclusion Experimental methods and setup for measuring solar cells performance Ag Ag Ag Ag LiF – 1,5 nm C 60 – 30 nm ~540 nm ITO Perovskite : PEO – 400 nm ITO ITO PEDOT:PSS – 80 nm ITO GLASS 0 . 5 µ m The performance of produced solar cells was investigated with solar Hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS and polymer-perovskite composition was simulator AM 1.5G, which is calibrated by the silicon HIT solar cell from covered by spin-coating method. Electron transport layer C 60 and silver HEVEL company and source-meter Keithley. contact was deposited in the evaporator vacuum chamber.
Polymer er Mo Modi dific fication on of Perov ovsk skite e Solar ar Cells s to Increase ase Open en-Circui uit Voltag age e Mikhail Masharin, Dmitry Gets, Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, Sergey Makarov, and Anvar Zakhidov Introduction Theory Experimental setup Results Conclusion AFM images of the perovskite surface TEM images of the perovskite-polymer films 1 0 0 n m Zoomed TEM area Diffraction pattern FAPbBr 2 I + 0,1% PEO FAPbBr 2 I Atomic force microscopy images proved the uniformly PEO distribution on the On the transmission electron microscopy we obtained rings on the surface of the FAPbBr 2 I. It was obtained, that morphology of polymer film is diffraction pattern and amorphous area simultaneously, which can be smoother, which can lead to passivating surface defects. associated with perovskite crystal lattice and amorphous PEO
Polymer er Mo Modi dific fication on of Perov ovsk skite e Solar ar Cells s to Increase ase Open en-Circui uit Voltag age e Mikhail Masharin, Dmitry Gets, Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, Sergey Makarov, and Anvar Zakhidov Introduction Theory Experimental setup Results Conclusion Statistics of perovskite solar cells parameters Persisting of soaked open circuit voltage Open circuit voltage increases with increasing of PEO concentration. It can be Under external conditions (sun and voltage forward biasing) open circuit associated with defect passivation and p-i-n structure formation. However, PEO voltage increases. And after turning off the effect starts to disappear, is an insulator and whole efficiency falls with big PEO concentration due to however devices with PEO almost persist its soaked state. It can be increasing of series resistance. related to freezing p-i-n structure inside perovskite layer in solar cells.
Poly lymer Mod odif ific icatio ion of f Perovskit ite Sola olar Cells lls to to Inc ncreas ase Open- Circuit t Volt oltag age Mikhail Masharin, 1 Dmitry Gets, 1 Grigoriy Verkhoglyadov, 1 Sergey Makarov, 1 and Anvar Zakhidov 1,2 1) Department of Physics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation 2) Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA Introduction Simulation Experimental setup Results Conclusion 1. PEO inside perovskite layer increases open-circuit voltage, but decrease the fill factor 2. Due to local defect states from the migrated ions in perovskite, under external voltage p-i-n structure can be formed, which can increase the open-circuit voltage. 3. Migrated ions can be slowed down by PEO near the boundaries, that makes p-i-n structure stable without any external influence on the device. 4. There is an optimal concentration of PEO, which maximizes the solar cell efficiency. 5. The results of this work can be used in production high efficient wide bandgap perovskite solar cell with mixed anion, which is necessary for creating extremely efficient perovskite tandem solar cells with more then two layers Contacts: Masharin Mikhail email: masharin.mikhail@metalab.ifmo.ru
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