Phuong Pham MSc Business Management EAP 508-P03 Chinese Economic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Phuong Pham MSc Business Management EAP 508-P03

— Chinese Economic Reform. — Gender Wage Inequality in Rural and Urban Chinese Labor Market. — Chinese Rural Labor Market in the Relationship with Wage Inequality between Male and Female. — Suggestions for Further Research.

S ự tác độ ng c ủ a công cu ộ c c ả i cách kinh t ế ở Trung Qu ố c và vi ệ c m ở c ử a The effect of Chinese economic đế n các th ị tr ườ ng khác trên toàn c ầ u reform and opening up to markets đố i v ớ i tình tr ạ ng b ấ t bình đẳ ng v ề ti ề n globally on wage inequality against l ươ ng chi tr ả cho n ữ gi ớ i đ ã tr ở thành women has been the subject of đề tài đ áng đượ c chú ý c ủ a r ấ t nhi ề u considerable attention of numerous h ọ c gi ả . M ụ c đ ích chính c ủ a bài thuy ế t scholars. The main purpose of this trình này là xem xét các nghiên c ứ u v ề presentation is to examine the study of s ự khác bi ệ t liên quan đế n m ứ c l ươ ng gender wage differentials within the c ủ a nam gi ớ i và n ữ gi ớ i trong th ị tr ườ ng transitional Chinese labor market by lao độ ng chuy ể n ti ế p ở Trung Qu ố c using some appropriate theories and b ằ ng cách s ử d ụ ng nhi ề u gi ả thuy ế t và evidences to support the research. b ằ ng ch ứ ng thích h ợ p để h ỗ tr ợ thêm Moreover, several solutions to address cho vi ệ c nghiên c ứ u. Ngoài ra, m ộ t s ố this issue would be further explored gi ả i pháp c ầ n thi ế t để gi ả i quy ế t v ấ n đề throughout the presentation as well. này c ũ ng s ẽ đượ c tìm hi ể u k ỹ h ơ n trong bài thuy ế t trình này.

CHINESE CHINESE ECONOMIC ECONOMIC REFORM REFORM 1952 1978 2007 2001 PRE-REFORM POST-REFORM WTO 1970s 1980s 1990 • 1970s – Early 1980s: 1 st stage – state-owned • Late 1980s – 1990s: 2 nd stage – privatization • Transition economies

CHINESE CHINESE INCOME INCOME INEQU INEQUALITY ALITY

CHIN CHINA’S ’S RURAL URAL POPULA POPULATION TION 180 million people – left hometown and lived in cities China’s current rural population is 900 million 720 million people – are living in the countryside

RU RURAL-URBA BAN MIGRATION

RESEAR RESEARCH CH QUESTION QUESTION WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC REFORM ON GENDER WAGE INEQUALITY IN RURAL LABOR MARKET IN CHINA?

WHY WHY RURAL? URAL? • The majority of population lived in rural area • The largest agricultural output in the world • Agricultural lifestyle – contributes 10.1% of China’s GDP • Rural-urban migration => Poverty in the rural area

The proportion of women work within the rural labor market The average wage

GENDER GENDER WA WAGE GE GAP GAP

• Try to avoid stating gender or including profile pictures within the CV. • Raise the minimum wage. • Support fair scheduling practices. • Invest in affordable, high-quality child care and early childhood Consider other education. alternatives • Reduce negative impacts on economic status of women. • It is required for the upcoming future research. • Continue to emphasize the issue within culture group patterns. Better examine alternative samples from other geographic regions

- Purpose – examine the effect of economic reform on gender wage inequality in Chinese rural labor market. — 10 convergent sources were identified. — Answer the key research question examining the male and female wage differentials issue. - Government should pay attention and step up efforts on bargaining position within the labor market and treat male and female equally.

REFERENCE REFERENCE Chen, Z., Ge, Y., Lai, H., & Wan, C. (2013). Globalization and gender wage inequality in China. World Development, 44 , 256-266. Huayong, Z., Zhurong, H., Jikun, H., Rozelle, S., & Mason, A. (2013). Impact of the global financial crisis in rural China: Gender, off-farm employment, and wages. Feminist Economics, 19 (3), 238-266. Liu, A. Y. C. (2003). Gender wage gap in Vietnam: 1993 to 1998. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32 (3), 586-596. Liu, P.-w., Meng, X., & Zhang, J. (2000). Sectoral gender wage differentials and discrimination in the transitional Chinese economy. Journal of Population Ecomomics , 13 (2), 331. Maurer-Fazio, M., & Hughes, J. (2002). The effects of market liberalization on the relative earnings of Chinese women. Journal of Comparative Economics , 30 (4), 709-731. Maurer-Fazio, M., Rawski, T. G., & Zhang, W. (1997). Gender Wage Gaps in China's Labor Market: Size, Structure,Trends. Working Papers (William Davidson Institute). University Of Michigan Business School , 1-48. Meng, X., & Miller, P. (1995). Occupational segregation and its impact on gender wage discrimination in China's rural industrial sector. Oxford Economic Papers, 47 (1), 136-155. Ng, Y. C. (2004). Economic development, human capital, and gender earnings differentials in China. Economics of Education Review, 23 (6), 587-603. Peng, K. Z., Ngo, H. Y., Shi, J., & Wong, C. S. (2009). Gender differences in the work commitment of Chinese workers: An investigation of two alternative explanations. Journal of World Business, 44 (3), 323-335. Zhang, L., & Dong, X. Y. (2008). Male-female wage discrimination in Chinese industry investigation using firm-level data. Economics of Transition, 16 (1), 85-112.

Phuong Pham MSc Business Management EAP 508-P03 The Effect of Economic Reform on Gender Wage Inequality in Rural Labor Market in China