PFAS in Maine water, sediment, and fish Presented to Governor - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PFAS in Maine water, sediment, and fish Presented to Governor Mills’ PFAS Task Force September 25, 2019 by Barry Mower, PhD, Biologist III Division of Environmental Assessment MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Protecting Maine’s Air, Land and Water

What are PFAS? • Per- and PolyFluoroAlkyl Substances • PFOA, PFOS • Manmade, ubiquitous • Organic compounds, H is replaced with F, has a functional group • C-F bond, strongest covalent bond • 1000s different chemicals MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep

PFAS Properties • Hydrophobic and lipophobic • Resist stains, heat, water, oil • Very mobile, very persistent • Bioaccumulate MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep

Why are they at DOD sites? • AFFF, aqueous film-forming foams • Used at crash sites, spills, fire training

Potential Release Sites Amec Foster Wheeler, 2016 Site Investigation Report

Site Investigation • 2015 – 23 Surface water samples – 22 Sediment samples – 15 Fish tissue samples • 2016 – 12 Surface water samples – 13 Sediment samples – 2 Fish tissue samples

Surface Water Results ng/L Residential Construction Worker SL 2018 DEP RAGs PFOA 70 750,000 PFOS 70 750,000 Loring 2015 Surface Wa Loring 2016 Surface Wa 1400 1400 PFOA PFOA PFOS PFOS 1200 1200 1000 n = 23 1000 n = 13 800 800 600 600 400 400 NMEFOSAA NMEFOSAA NETFOSAA NETFOSAA 200 200 PFTeDA PFTeDA PFTrDA PFTrDA 6:2FTS 8:2FTS PFDoA PFHpA PFHxA PFHxS PFPeA PFUnA 6:2FTS 8:2FTS PFDoA PFHpA PFHxA PFHxS PFPeA PFUnA PFDA PFNA PFOA PFOS PFDA PFNA PFOA PFOS PFBA PFBS PFBA PFBS 0 0

Surface Water 2015 Results, ng/L

Surface Water Results • PFOS and PFHxS most commonly detected, greatest concentrations. • PFOA, PFHxA also commonly detected. • 17 PFOS exceedances (2018 Residential) • 2 PFOA exceedances (2018 residential) • Western drainage to Greenlaw Brook more impacted than eastern Butterfield Brook.

Sediment Results 2018 RAGs ng/g Screening PFOA 5,700 PFOS 5,700 Loring 2015 Sediment, n Loring 2016 Sediment, n 80 80 PFOA/PFOS PFOA/PFOS 60 60 n = 22 n = 12 40 40 20 20 NMEFOSAA NMEFOSAA NETFOSAA NETFOSAA PFTeDA PFTeDA PFTrDA PFTrDA 6:2FTS 8:2FTS PFDoA PFHpA PFHxA PFHxS PFPeA PFUnA 6:2FTS 8:2FTS PFDoA PFHpA PFHxA PFHxS PFPeA PFUnA PFDA PFNA PFOA PFOS PFDA PFNA PFOA PFOS PFBA PFBS PFBA PFBS 0 0

Sediment Results • PFOS most commonly detected. • PFOA, PFHxS also commonly detected, but very low concentrations • No exceedances.

Fish Tissue 2015 Results Loring Skinless Fillets, n MeCDC Human Health Fish Tissue Action Levels Daily Fish General 400 Sensitive Consumptio Population Recreational Number of Population FTAL n Rate FTAL Subsistence Meals (ug/kg wet (kg/day) (ug/kg wet weight) 300 weight) One meal per week 0.0324 34.1 79.0 200 n = 13 Two meals per month 0.0162 68.1 158.0 One meal per month 0.00757 145.8 338.2 100 NMEFOSAA NETFOSAA PFTeDA PFTrDA PFOSA 6:2FTS 8:2FTS PFDoA PFHpA PFHxA PFHxS PFPeA PFUnA PFDA PFNA PFOA PFOS PFBA PFBS 0

Fish Tissue 2015 Results 4000 O = Offal SF = Skinless Fillets Recreational SOF = Skin-On Fillets 3000 PFOS, ng/g Subsistence 2000 1000 0 O SF SOF

Fish Tissue 2015 Results 2 Background samples: 2.17, 2.80 ng/g 2016 Results

Fish Tissue Results • PFOS was most commonly detected PFAS. • All the fish samples had exceedances, except for background samples. • PFOS concentrations greater in western drainage than in eastern. • PFOS concentrations in offal and skin are greater than in fillets.

LAFB Conclusions • PFOS is most commonly detected PFAS in all media. • Surface water: – 17 PFOS exceedances of 2018 residential screening levels. – PFHxS concentrations similar to PFOS. – Detections of PFOA, PFHxA. • Sediment: no exceedances, mostly PFOS. • Fish tissue: – PFOS exceedances for all LAFB samples except background. – PFOS had greatest concentrations.

SWAT • Surface Water Ambient Toxics (SWAT) monitoring program (38 MRS §420-B) • In order to determine the nature, scope and severity of toxic contamination in the surface waters and fisheries of the State

PFOS in fish from rivers below POTWs, 2015 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 PFOS (ng/g) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 MSE-WHP KGD-SMB KGD-WHC SRF-FLF SRF-SMB MXW-SMB ACB-BKT ACB-FLF RIVER/SPECIES

PFOS in white perch (WHP) and largemouth bass(LMB) from Mousam River at Estes Lake (MSE), Number One Pond , and Mousam Lake MRA 50 45 40 2015 2016 35 30 PFOS ng/g 25 20 15 10 5 0 MSE-WHP MSE-LMB NUM 1 P-LMB MOUSAM L-LMB STATION

2019 SWAT SAP (FW Fish) • SAMPLE FISH FROM RIVERS NEAR BIOSOLIDS SPREADING SITES ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER, 6 SITES RUMFORD POINT TO LISBON, 1 SPECIES • • HALFMOON STREAM, 2 SITES, ABOVE AND BELOW FARM, 1 SPECIES • KENNEBEC RIVER, 6 SITES ANSON TO GARDINER, 2 SPECIES • KENNEBUNK RIVER, 2 SITES, ABOVE AND BELOW FARM

PFAS in Marine Bivalve Tissues 2013 - 2017 • A Brief Summary of Work Completed to Date by the Marine Project of the SWAT Program

PFAS in Blue Mussels Four spatial subsamples (composites) per site, 12 PFCs examined. 2013 • East End Beach, Portland PFOSA in all 4 spatial samples (1.99 –2.82 ng/g wet wt.) • Sears Island, Searsport All non-detect 2014 • Harpswell Cove, Harpswell PFOSA in 3 of 4 spatial samples (0.63 – 0.82 ng/g wet wt.) • Navy Pier, Harpswell PFOSA in 3 of 4 spatial samples (0.70 – 0.95 ng/g wet wt.) PFHpA in 1 of 4 spatial samples (0.86 ng/g wet wt.)

PFAS in Blue Mussels Four spatial subsamples (composites) per site, 12 PFCs examined. 2016 • Mare Brook, Harpswell PFOSA in 2 of 4 spatial samples (0.49 – 0.63 ng/g wet wt.) ( this site closer to BNAS than 2014 Harpswell Cove site )

PFAS in Softshell Clams Four spatial subsamples (composites) per site, 12 PFCs examined, “whole” and “edible” (skin/membrane removed) tissues tested separately. 2013 • Mast Cove, Piscataqua River All non-detect • Presumpscot River, Portland All non-detect 2017 • Mare Brook, Harpswell All non-detect • Broad Cove, Eastport All non-detect (5 spatial subsamples)

2019 SWAT SAP (Marine Shellfish) • Blue Mussels Fore R. and Inner Fore R., S. Portland; East End Beach, Portland; Presumpscot R., Portland; Perkins Is., Georgetown; Town Cove, Boothbay Harbor; Crockett Point, Rockland; Penobscot R., Prospect to Stockton Springs; E. Machias Bay, Cutler; Dennys R., Edmunds. (Ten sites in total, four spatial subsamples at each). • Softshell Clams Hilton Cove and Pottle Cove, Wiscasset. (Two sites in total, four spatial subsamples at each).

Barry Mower barry.f.mower@maine.gov 207-215-0291 www.maine.gov/dep